广东省四种松林林地土壤微生物物种多样性差异研究

Difference of Soil Microbial Species Diversity in Four Pine Forests in Guangdong

土壤微生物在地球化学循环中扮演着重要角色,很多生态功能和土壤微生物物种的丰富度密切相关。研究不同林地土壤微生物物种之间的差异,可以加深对不同林地土壤生态的了解,寻找松科植物林地土壤微生物群落特征的共性。本研究基于传统的土壤微生物研究原理和方法,以二代高通量测序技术为辅助,研究了4种松林林地土壤微生物的多样性。结果表明,加勒比松、湿地松、马尾松林地土壤真菌香农指数差异不显著,但显著高于湿加松(P<0.05);湿地松林地土壤的细菌香农指数与湿加松差异不显著,但显著高于加勒比松(P<0.05)和马尾松(P<0.01);门分类水平下4种松林林地土壤真菌和细菌结构相似,其中优势真菌门为子囊菌门、担子菌门、球囊菌门,优势细菌门为变形菌门、放线菌门、酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门、拟杆菌门;在属分类水平下,不同林地土壤大量真菌和细菌属存在差异,显著差异真菌、细菌属平均丰度和最高的分别为Lophotrichus、Gemmatimonas。综上所述,4种松林林地土壤微生物物种多样性具有明显的差异,这些差异可能造就了不同的土壤生态功能,但需进一步研究明确优势土壤微生物功能性及与地上植物的关联性。

Soil microorganisms play an important role in the geochemical cycle,and many ecological functions are closely related to the richness of soil microbial species.To study the difference of soil microbial species diversity in different forest lands can deepen the understanding of soil ecology in different forest lands and find the commonness of soil microbial community characteristics in pinaceae forest lands.Based on the traditional principles and methods of soil microbial research,assisted by the second generation high-throughput sequencing technology,this study studied the species diversity of soil microorganisms in four pine forests.The results showed that there was no significant difference in soil fungal aroma index among Pinus caribaea,Pinus elliottii,and Pinus massoniana forests,but it was significantly higher than that of Pinus elliottii×caribaea(P<0.05);The bacterial aroma index of Pinus elliottii forest soil was not significantly different from that of Pinus elliottii×Pinus caribaea,but was significantly higher than that of Pinus caribaea(P<0.05)and Pinus massoniana(P<0.01).At the phylum classification level,the structures of soil fungi and bacteria in the four pine forest lands are similar,among which the dominant fungal phyla are Ascomycota,Basidiomycota and Coccidiospora,and the dominant bacterial phyla are Proteobacteria,Actinomycetes,Acidobacteria,Chloroflexi,and Bacteroides.At the level of genus classification,there are differences in the abundance of fungi and bacterial genera in different forest soils.The significant differences in the average abundance and highest abundance of fungi and bacterial genera are Lophototrichus and Gemmatimonas,respectively.It is concluded that there are obvious differences in soil microbial species diversity of the four pine forests,which may result in different soil ecological functions.Further research is needed to clarify the functional characteristics of dominant soil microorganisms and their relationship with aboveground plants.