过敏性哮喘免疫调节机制

Progresson researchin the field of immunomodulatory mechanisms of allergic asthma

过敏性哮喘是一种由变应原诱发的以气道高反应性、IgE升高、气道慢性炎症为特征的疾病。固有免疫和适应性免疫均在过敏性哮喘的免疫调节机制中发挥作用。支气管上皮细胞活化并释放的IL-25、IL-33和TSLP驱动Th2型免疫应答,最终导致Th2型炎症反应。近年来研究发现细胞外囊泡和微生物组学在过敏性哮喘发生发展中起到重要作用。随着新型生物治疗方法的发展,常规治疗无效的过敏性哮喘患者可以选择以IgE、IL-4/IL-13、IL-5等为靶点的生物制剂以改善哮喘症状。本文对过敏性哮喘发病过程中免疫调节机制相关研究进展进行综述。

Allergic asthma is one kind of diseasesinduced by allergens and characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness,elevatedsIgEand chronic airway inflammation.Both innateand adaptive immunity play roles in immunomodulatory mechanisms of allergic asthma.Th2-type immunological responsesare drivenby bronchial epithelial cell activation and release of IL-25,IL-33 and TSLP,ultimately leading to Th2-type inflammatory response.Extracellular vesicles and microbiomicswas demonstratedthat they playedimportant roles inoccurrence and development of allergic asthmaby results of recent studies.With the development of novel biologic therapies,patients with allergic asthma who failed to respond to conventional therapy require biological agents such as anti-IgE,anti-IL-4/IL-13 and anti-IL-5 antibodiesto improve asthma symptoms.Progress on research in the field ofimmunomodulatory mechanisms in pathogenesis of allergic asthma was summarizedin this article.