辽宁省松材线虫病疫木伐根传播风险研究

Transmission risk of diseased stump infected by pine wood nematode in Liaoning province

为探究疫木伐根在松材线虫病侵染循环中的作用,通过对辽宁省大连市、抚顺市、辽阳市松材线虫病疫区内黑松Pinus thunbergii、红松Pinus koraiensis和油松Pinus tabuliformis的疫木伐根中昆虫种类、伐根中是否携带松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus、伐根中松材线虫衰减情况的调查和分析,评估疫木伐根传播松材线虫病的风险。结果显示:辽宁省松材线虫病疫区疫木伐根中没有发现国内已知的媒介昆虫松墨天牛Monochamus alternatus和云杉花墨天牛Monochamus saltuarius;疫木伐根中获得的松幽天牛Asemum striatum、褐梗天牛Arhopalus rusticus以及松瘤象Sipalus gigas等成虫,经分离检测均不携带松材线虫;疫木伐根感病当年多数含有松材线虫,随时间推移呈下降趋势直至消失。综合研判认为,在辽宁省,高度5 cm以内的疫木伐根不参与松材线虫病的侵染循环,自然传播松材线虫病的风险极低。辽宁省松材线虫病疫区在今后的疫木除治作业中,在保证疫木伐根高度低于5 cm的前提下,可不对疫木伐根进行其他除害处理。

In order to explore the role of infected stumps in the infection cycle of pine wilt disease,the insect species in the diseased stumps and whether carrying Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,as well as the attenuation of B.xylophilus in infected stumps of Pinus thunbergii,Pinus koraiensis and Pinus tabuliformis were analyzed in Dalian city,Fushun city and Liaoyang city of Liaoning province,respectively,to evaluate the risk of spreading pine wilt disease by infected stumps.The results showed that there was no known vector insect in China,Monochamus alternatus and Monochamus saltuarius,in diseased stumps in the epidemic area of Liaoning province.The adults of Asemum striatum,Arhopalus rusticus and Sipalus gigas obstained from diseased stumps did not carry B.xylophilus after isolation and detection.Infected stumps mostly contained B.xylophilus in the current year of infection,and showed a decreasing trend until disappearing over time.We concluded that infected stumps within five centimeters in height did not participate in the infection cycle of pine wilt disease,and natural transmission risk was extremely low in Liaoning province.Ensuring the height of stumps within five centimeters,the epidemic area of pine wilt disease in Liaoning province could not carry out other control treatment on diseased stumps in the future pest control operation.