煤矿井下湿式喷雾除尘技术研究前沿与展望

Research Frontier and Prospect of Wet Spray Dust Removal Technology Underground Coal Mine

煤尘灾害严重影响着矿井的高效生产和矿工的生命健康。为了保障煤矿安全的职业健康,分析了现有的基于喷雾除尘的防治理论与技术,全面概述了现有的湿式喷雾防尘的基础理论,并针对目前研究的不足,在综采作业环境降尘技术、除尘机理、抑尘材料等3个方面做出进一步的研究展望。研究表明,我国已经初步研发并形成了应用于不同煤尘防治体系的抑尘剂,未来可从物理微观角度与化学改性分析相结合的方法来进一步推动高效环保抑尘剂研发,同时在可吸入的微细小煤尘颗粒的润湿和团聚、抑尘材料的保水性和可降解性等方面的抑尘技术上实现突破。

Coal dust disasters seriously affect the efficient production of mines and the lives and health of miners.In order to ensure the occupational health of coal mine safety,the existing prevention theory and technology based on spray dust removal were analyzed,the basic theory of wet spray dust prevention was comprehensively summarized,and further research prospects were made in three aspects:dust reduction technology,dust removal mechanism and dust suppression materials in the comprehensive mining operation environment in view of the shortcomings of the current research.The results show that China has initially developed and formed dust suppression agents applied to different coal dust prevention and control systems,and in the future,the method of combining physical microscopic and chemical modification analysis can further promote the research and development of efficient and environmentally friendly dust suppressants,and at the same time achieve breakthroughs in dust suppression technology in the wetting and agglomeration of inhalable fine coal dust particles,water retention and degradability of dust suppression materials.