广东湛江灯下昆虫群落结构监测

Monitoring of insect community under light trap in Zhanjiang City

为摸清我国南方空中昆虫群落结构及其动态变化,采用高空测报灯诱集法对广东省湛江市空中昆虫种群进行了周年监测。收集到的昆虫通过形态鉴定共有105种,隶属于11目44科84属,其中害虫有4目29科89种,天敌昆虫有7目9科10种,中性昆虫有5目6科6种。分析种群特征指数峰值出现时间,多样性指数和均匀度指数在2021年4月,集中性指数在2021年7月,优势度指数在2021年9月,丰富度指数在2021年12月。主成分分析显示昆虫群落主要受害虫类群的影响,综合来看4月和9月的群落稳定性高于其他月份。监测到稻纵卷叶螟(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis)、斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)、草地贪夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)、棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)和小地老虎(Agrotis ypsilon)等5种重要迁飞性农业害虫,且均在秋冬季节出现明显高峰,其中又以稻纵卷叶螟最多;春末夏初则达另一个小高峰。掌握我国内地南端空中昆虫群落结构及其周年变化规律,可为我国迁飞性害虫的预警防治及昆虫多样性研究提供依据。

To determine the composition of insect species and community structure in southern China,aerial population monitoring was conducted annually using the vertical-pointing searchlight trap in Zhanjiang City,Guangdong Province.A total of 105 insect species from 84 genera,44 families,and 11 orders were morphologically identified.Among them,there were 89 pest species across 29 families and 4 orders,alongside 10 species of natural enemies spanning 9 families and 7 orders,and 6 neutral insect species belonging to 6 families of 5 orders.The diversity index and evenness index of the community peaked in April 2021,while the concentration,dominance,and richness indexes peaked in July,September,and December 2021.Principal component analysis indicated that pest groups affected the insect community most,and the community stability was higher in April and September compared to other months.Five important agricultural migratory pests were monitored,including Cnaphalocrocis medinalis,Spodoptera litura,Spodoptera frugiperda,Helicoverpa armigera and Agrotis ypsilon.All of them had notable peaks from autumn to winter and smaller peaks in late spring and early summer,with C.medinalis having the highest peak.Understanding the structure of the insect community and its annual variation in the southern region of China's Mainland would provide the basis for the early warning and control of migratory pests and the study of insect diversity.