海南省部分地区常见野生食用菌中重金属污染和健康风险评价

Heavy Metal Pollution and Health Risk Assessment of Common Wild Edible Mushrooms in Some Areas of Hainan Province

2022年对海南省部分地区常见野生食用菌中重金属含量进行调查,评价其污染程度及人群经食用菌途径摄入重金属的健康风险。根据国标法检测食用菌中重金属元素铅、砷、镉、铬、汞的含量,同时利用单一因素污染指数法与综合因素污染指数法进行评价,采用THQ法评价食用菌对人体的健康风险。研究结果表明,铅、砷、镉、铬和汞5种重金属元素的平均含量分别为0.100 mg·kg^(-1)、0.043 mg·kg^(-1)、0.088 mg·kg^(-1)、0.097 mg·kg^(-1)和0.018 mg·kg^(-1),超标率为1.28%、0%、15.38%、2.56%和7.69%;成人及儿童经食用菌途径摄入食用菌中铅、砷、镉、铬、汞的THQ值均小于1,未产生健康风险危害;食用菌对儿童的健康危害高于成年人。2022海南省部分地区野生食用菌中重金属污染状况整体处于安全水平。

The content of heavy metals in common wild edible mushrooms in some areas of Hainan province was investigated in 2022,and the pollution degree and health risk of people ingesting heavy metals through edible mushrooms were evaluated.According to the national standard method,the content of heavy metal elements such as lead,arsenic,cadmium,chromium,and mercury in edible mushrooms is detected.At the same time,the single factor pollution index method and the comprehensive factor pollution index method are used for evaluation,and the THQ method is used to evaluate the health risks of edible mushrooms to human health.The research results show that the average content of five heavy metal elements,namely lead,arsenic,cadmium,chromium,and mercury,is 0.100 mg·kg^(-1),0.043 mg·kg^(-1),0.088 mg·kg^(-1),0.097 mg·kg^(-1),0.018 mg·kg^(-1),respectively,with exceeding standards rates of 1.28%,0%,15.38%,2.56%,and 7.69%;the THQ values of lead,arsenic,cadmium,chromium,and mercury in edible mushrooms consumed by different populations are all less than 1,indicating no health risk hazards;the health risk of children consuming heavy metals through edible mushrooms is higher than that of adults.The pollution status of heavy metals in wild edible mushrooms in some areas of Hainan province in 2022 is at a safe level.