浅论细长轴加工精度的影响因素与控制措施

Discussion on Influencing Factors and Control Measures of Machining Accuracy for Slender Shafts

细长轴是机器中常见的零件之一,具有刚性差、易变形的特点,切削加工过程中常因振动引起严重变形。影响细长轴加工精度的因素有很多,其中主要的影响因素是切削力、切削热。文章分析了切削力、切削热的来源以及引起细长轴变形的机理,从合理安排机械加工工艺、正确选择装夹方式、合理选择切削用量、合理选择刀具几何角度以及优化切削方法等五方面讨论控制细长轴变形的措施,减小加工过程中细长轴的变形,以达到保证加工精度。

Slender shaft is one of the common parts in machines,with poor rigidity and easy deformation.During cutting,it is often severely deformed due to vibration.There are many factors that affect the machining accuracy of slender shafts,among which the main influencing factors are cutting force and cutting heat.The article analyzes the sources of cutting force and cutting heat,as well as the mechanisms that cause deformation of slender shafts.Measures to control deformation of slender shafts are discussed from five aspects:reasonable arrangement of mechanical processing technology,correct selection of clamping methods,reasonable selection of cutting parameters,reasonable selection of tool geometry angle,and optimization of cutting methods,in order to reduce deformation of slender shafts during the machining process and ensure machining accuracy.