数据成为新生产要素的政治经济学阐释

Political Economics Interpretation of Data As a New Factor of Production

数据成为新的生产要素以后引发了一系列基本理论问题,需要用马克思主义政治经济学作出理论阐释。从数据作为新的生产要素的特征来看,数据生产要素化产生于非物质性的数字劳动过程中而具有使用价值和价值,并在重构生产力和重构生产关系方面发挥着重要作用,超越了传统生产要素的基本属性。从数据作为新的生产要素的价值来看,数据作为新的生产要素在生产环节中创造价值、在交换与分配环节中实现价值、在消费环节中倍增价值。从数据作为新的生产要素的资本化来看,数据要素在资本化程度不断加深的同时,在物质属性和社会属性方面表现出了数据资本二重性的新表现。数据资本的二重属性决定了数据要素资本化行为的两面性,数据要素资本化既带来了积极作用,又带来了消极作用。为更好地凸显其有利的一面,首先要厘清作为新的生产数据要素的权属,将其置于马克思产权理论下进行科学阐释,并在我国实践中不断丰富发展,着力解决数据确权问题。随着数据要素市场化程度加深,要不断优化完善数据要素市场的相关政策、积极探索数据要素市场的培育路径;同时还要从治理手段和对象、治理格局、治理主体角度出发,加强对数据要素市场的有效治理,推进数据要素市场健康有序发展。

After data has become a new factor of production,a series of basic theoretical problems have arisen,which need to be explained theoretically by Marxist political economics.From the perspective of the characteristics of data as a new factor of production,the factorization of data production is generated in the non-material digital labor process and has use value and value,and it plays an important role in reconstructing productivity and relations of production,surpassing the basic attributes of traditional factors of production.From the perspective of the value of data as a new factor of production,as a new factor of production,data creates value in the production link,realizes value in the exchange and distribution links,and multiplies the value in the consumption link.From the perspective of the capitalization of data as a new factor of production,while the capitalization degree of the data factor is deepening,it shows a new manifestation of the duality of data capital in terms of material attributes and social attributes,and the dual attributes of data capital determine the dual characters of the capitalization behavior of the data factor.The capitalization of data factors brings both positive and negative effects.In order to better highlight the positive effects,it is first necessary to clarify the ownership of data as a new factor of production,scientifically interpret it with Marx's theory of property rights,and continue to enrich and develop it in China's practice,so as to strive to solve the problem of data ownership determination.With the deepening of the marketization of data factors,it is necessary to continuously optimize and improve the relevant policies and actively explore the cultivation path for the data factor market.At the same time,it is also necessary to strengthen the effective governance of the data factor market and promote the healthy and orderly development of the data factor market from the perspectives of governance methods and objects,governance patterns,and governance subjects.