人工智能应用于司法的伦理框架:欧洲经验与中国背景

An Ethical Framework for the Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Justice System:The European Experience and China’s Context

人工智能技术的应用对传统司法过程所追求的核心价值如司法公开、公平带来挑战。学界虽普遍认为人工智能在司法中只能用于辅助法官工作,但“辅助”边界仍有待清晰。本文通过分析算法过程与传统司法过程本质上的区别,区分了人工智能自身固有属性和技术不成熟带来的两种不同挑战,在此基础上进一步明确人工智能“辅助”司法的边界,以探讨如何建立伦理框架以规范人工智能在司法中的应用,从而保障人权与促进法治。具体规范应根据人工智能的应用是否会实质性地影响当事人权利义务关系这两种情况有所区别。在应用人工智能推动实现类案同判时,也应审慎避免造成司法过度标准化而影响司法公正。人工智能的应用应当提升而非降低司法公开水平,司法体系也应继续致力于提升公开司法数据的数量和质量。

The key values of traditional judicial process,such as open justice and fairness,are challenged by the use of artificial intelligence.Chinese scholarship has achieved the consensus that artificial intelligence should only be used for the purpose of assisting judges;however,the scope of‘assisting judges’is still to be clarified.This article analyzes the differences between the nature of algorithm and traditional judicial process,and in this context,it articulates the different challenges brought by the nature of artificial intelligence and the current development of technology.This article discusses how to regulate the use of artificial intelligence in judicial process through an ethical framework,in order to safeguard human rights and strengthen the rule of law.This ethical framework takes into account that whether the use of artificial intelligence will substantively affect the parties’rights and duties.It is questioned that how far artificial intelligence can ensure likely cases are treated alike.The excessive standardization of judicial decisions should also be avoided as it would have a negative impact on fairness.Artificial intelligence should be used to improve rather than diminish the openness of justice system,and therefore,the quantities and qualities of the open data of the justice system is also to be improved.