偃师商城铜器及冶铸遗物的科技分析研究

A comparative study between the Zhengzhou Shang City site and the Yanshi Shang City site in a perspective of the scarce resources

本文以偃师商城出土铜器及冶铸遗物作为主要研究对象,从金相组织、合金成分分析两个方面,探讨了偃师商城遗址铜器合金配比情况、制作技术特点以及矿料来源等相关问题。金相组织分析显示这些铜器仍然以铸造成形为主,但工匠已经掌握了多种冷热加工技术,锻造样品组织均匀,此时已有较成熟的锻造工艺。容器都是铸造成形的,但工具及兵器制作选择并没有显示出规律性,铸、锻皆有,可能尚未形成对某一类产品的固定加工模式。合金技术分析显示偃师商城遗址继承了二里头时期工具兵器重锡的配比技术,且得到进一步的发展与改善。冶铸遗物分析显示偃师商城遗址存在铸铜行为,小件铜器在本地制作的可能性较高。

This article presents an analysis of the bronze artifacts and smelting remains unearthed from the Yanshi Shang City site,focusing on microstructure,composition,and inclusions.The results reveal that the majority of bronze wares were crafted through casting processes.However,the skilled artisans of the Yanshi Shang City site possessed proficiency in various cold and hot processing techniques,particularly demonstrating a well-developed forging process.Tools and weapons,on the other hand,were fashioned through casting or forging methods,with the selection of these methods for shaping each type of bronze artifact appearing somewhat arbitrary.A standardized processing approach for specific tool and weapon categories may not have been established.The high tin and low lead content in tools and weapons from the Yanshi Shang City site can be traced back to alloy technology from the Erlitou period,which was further refined and developed.Additionally,evidence suggests that the Yanshi Shang City site engaged in copper melting activities,possibly indicating local production.