偃师商城遗址制陶作坊残次陶片的初步研究

A technological analysis of the bronze artifacts and casting relics at the Yanshi Shang City site

本文以偃师商城遗址制陶作坊陶窑烧造区发现的130件残次陶片为研究对象,依据残次陶片的形貌特征将其分为九类,分别为开裂、蜂窝膨胀、夹层膨胀、鼓包、起泡、二次碳酸钙晶体、软化变形、熔融和落渣。烧造区残次陶片的残损主因有三类,胎体含水量残损、人工羼和料或自然包含物残损以及高温过烧残损。烧造区发现的陶片表现出极低的次品率,证明偃师商城的陶工已经具备成熟的陶器坯料制备工艺、成型技术、干燥制度和烧成制度,具有完善的陶器生产体系和稳定的陶器供应能力。

This study delves into the analysis of misfired and overfired pottery fragments originating from the pottery workshop situated in the northeastern part of the Yanshi Shang City site.By examining the morphological characteristics and deformities present in these discarded pottery fragments,nine distinct types of defects have been identified.These defects include cracking,honeycomb-shaped bloating,layer bloating,bumps,blisters,secondary calcium carbonate crystal formation,deformation,fusing,and slags.These issues can be attributed to improper shaping and firing processes.Among the 130 identified defective pottery fragments,the primary culprits are water content,clay inclusions,and kiln temperature.It is worth noting that the skilled artisans who executed these procedures maintained a high degree of uniformity,resulting in a relatively low defect percentage.In conclusion,the pottery production at the Yanshi Shang City site operated with a high level of specialization and intensification.