试论东汉陵园的构成要素和布局

On the Ba Mausoleum and its related questions

东汉陵园的构成要素主要包括封土、地宫、神道、石殿、钟虡、寝殿、园省、园寺吏舍、行马(垣墙)、门阙以及祔葬墓。陵园布局可分为以朱仓陵园为代表的早期模式和以大汉冢、二汉冢、三汉冢、白草坡东汉陵园为代表的成熟模式,成熟模式又可细分为成年帝陵陵园的标准模式和早殇帝陵陵园的简化模式。陵园可划分为内陵园、寝园、管理区和祔葬区等不同的功能分区。西汉帝陵的内外双重陵园、陵庙、寝殿、守陵宫人居址、园寺吏舍、祔葬墓等要素在东汉时期得以继承,因为帝后同穴合葬的出现,陵寝建筑布局发生了较大改变。

The Eastern Han Dynasty cemetery comprises a variety of key elements,including earth mounds,subterranean palaces,religious structures,stone halls,bell towers,garden precincts,temple complexes,wall fortifications,gates,and accompanying tombs.The layout can be categorized into two main categories:the early model characteristic by the Zhucang Cemetery,and the mature model.The mature model can be further delineated into adult imperial mausoleums,standard premature-death Mausoleum mode,and simplified mode.The cemetery is further subdivided into distinct functional zones,including the inner cemetery,residential gardens,administrative areas,and burial sections.Notably,elements from Western Han Dynasty imperial mausoleums,such as dual cemeteries,mausoleum temples,palace residences,garden temples,and official residences continued to influence Eastern Han Dynasty cemeteries.However,a significant architectural shift occurred due to the interment of emperors and empresses in the same tomb.