变应性鼻炎发病相关易感因素的调查研究

Susceptibility factors of occurrence of allergic rhinitis

目的分析可能导致变应性鼻炎(AR)患者发病的遗传及环境相关因素,为制订干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用病例对照研究,通过自行设计AR易感因素问卷调查表,对2017年6月至2019年3月在南昌大学第一附属医院就诊的AR患者及常规体检人群进行横断面问卷调查,并对AR发病的易感因素进行logistic回归分析。结果AR患者组242例,非AR患者组(对照组)258例,两组年龄(13.16±5.63)岁,其中男性占56.8%。多因素logistic回归分析显示:出生后患过新生儿黄疸(OR=6.043),出生半年内患过呼吸系统感染(OR=8.123)、腹泻(OR=3.868)、湿疹(OR=4.540)等疾病,居住在城区(OR=2.477)、出生后家中装修过(OR=3.042)、家中天花板或墙壁有霉斑(OR=38.255)、家中养花草(OR=3.752)、暴露于吸烟环境较多(OR=2.574)的人群中感染AR的风险更高。结论AR病因复杂,其发病受家庭因素、环境因素、既往相关疾病等多种因素的影响,需要加强AR预防知识的宣传教育,注意环境卫生并做好个人防护。

Objective To analyze the genetic and environmental factors that may contribute to the development of allergic rhinitis(AR)in patients,and provide a scientific basis for formulating intervention measures.Methods This is a case-control study.A cross-sectional survey was conducted on AR patients who received treatment at The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from June 2017 to March 2019 using a self-designed questionnaire on AR susceptibility factors.Logistic regression analysis of AR susceptibility factors was performed.Results There were 242 patients in the AR group and 258 patients in the non-AR group(control group).The average age of all patients was(13.16±5.63)years.56.8%of included patients were male.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that AR onset was associated with neonatal jaundice(OR=6.043),respiratory infections within 6 months after birth(OR=8.123),diarrhea(OR=3.868),eczema(OR=4.540),living in urban areas(OR=2.477),home decoration after birth(OR=3.042),moldy ceilings or walls(OR=38.255),home gardening(OR=3.752),and exposure to smoking environments(OR=2.574).Conclusion The etiology of AR is complex,and its onset is influenced by various factors such as genetic factors,environmental factors,and related disease factors.It is necessary to strengthen the promotion and education of AR prevention knowledge,pay attention to environmental hygiene,and take personal protection measures.