论国有企业的“公司法构造”——一种法律技术主义的路线

The State-Owned Enterprises’Incorporation of the Company Law:A Path of Law Technologism

《公司法》应当如何调整、规制国有企业,一直存在重大争议。国有企业尤其是中央企业基本是在《公司法》以外的另一套体系中行动——无论是人事任免,还是重大决策,均未完全按照《公司法》的规定运行。这一方面直接影响到《公司法》的权威性;另一方面直接影响到国企法律规范的有效性,使得国企的诸多事项要么存在法律空白,要么存在制度冲突。此种局面的形成,在很大程度上是因为《公司法》规整不当所致。因此,《公司法》不仅应扩大对国企范围的调整,扩张对国企的规范事项,充实对国企组织机构的规整,还应强化对国企监督机构设置的自由性和有效性,以促进国企公共目的之实现。此外,还要确保履行出资人职责之机构能管好国有资本布局、规范资本运作、强化资本约束、提高资本回报、维护资本安全,这是《公司法》修订过程中的大局。

It has been a major dispute on how to specify and constraint state-owned enterprises(SOE)in the Com⁃pany Law.In terms of personnel appointment and decision making,state-owned enterprises and especially those owned by central government abide by another legal system instead of the Company Law.As a consequence,the authority of the law is weakened on the one hand,and the efficacy of relevant legal norms is decreased on the other,leaving either a le⁃gal gap or some contradictions of the two systems when SOE-related stipulations are needed.To solve the problem of SOE’s improper regulations,the Company Law should specify more clearly about SOE,expand relevant stipulations and elaborate more on SOE structure.It also should be guaranteed by the law that some organizations can flexibly and effec⁃tively supervise SOE to perform its public duty.Moreover,the liabilities of capital contributors should be stipulated in the revised company law such as the management of the state capital distribution,the standardization of capital operation,strengthening of the capital constraint,the improvement of the capital return and the safeguard of the capital security.