新闻文体历时演变的文学向度

The Literary Dimensions of Diachronic Evolution of Journalistic Writing Style

文体研究绕不开体裁和风格,二者是考察新闻文体演变的重要维度。新闻文体演变过程同文学文体的学理关系,通过文体内涵、语言表达、结构变化等分析而呈现。对新闻文体史的考察,不仅需要探究有据可查的新闻活动史,还得梳理“前新闻”文体样态,以此确立新闻文体历时演变的时间跨度。新闻文体历经从文学渊源到“文学化”的演化过程,其文学向度表征为“前新闻”对古典叙事文的依附,报纸早期新闻模仿古典文学的体式以及“文学化”对新闻风格的改良。社会变迁与媒介激荡催生新闻体例的生成与变易,新闻写作远离或接近文学的尝试则驱动新闻风格于僵化与活泼之间往复切换。文学与新闻近缘体式的交融、互鉴、黏合,是新闻文体衍生的重要方式。

The study of stylistics cannot be separated from genre and style,which are important dimensions to ex⁃plore the evolution of journalistic writing style.The theoretical relation between the evolution of journalism style and liter⁃ary style are presented through the analysis of style connotation,language expression and structural change.The investi⁃gation of the history of journalistic writing style not only explores the history of well-documented journalistic activities,but also analyzes the style of“pre-journalism”,so as to establish the time span of the diachronic evolution of journalistic writing style.It is found that journalistic writing style has evolved from literary origin to“literalization”,and its literary dimension is characterized by the attachment of“pre-journalism”to classical narrative text,the imitation of the classical literature style by the early newspaper journalism and the improvement of journalistic writing style by“literalization”.Social changes and media surge give rise to journalistic writing style and its variations,and the attempt of journalistic writing to stay close to or away from literature drives the journalistic writing style to switch between rigidity and liveli⁃ness.The integration,mutual influence and close bonding of literature and journalism are important ways of journalistic writing style derivation.