城市污水厂病毒气溶胶逸散特征研究现状与未来展望

Research status and future prospects of the emission characteristics of virus aerosols in urban wastewater treatment plants

近年来,大规模病毒传染性疾病的频繁爆发已引起全世界关于气载致病微生物的重点关注,尤其是不同人为源病毒气溶胶的产生及逸散过程。本文通过综述近年来污水处理厂病毒气溶胶的逸散浓度、主要种群及关键逸散点源,重点分析了病毒气溶胶与生物气溶胶逸散之间的相互关系及影响因素,探究了目前污水厂病毒气溶胶研究中存在的关键问题,并对未来研究趋势及方向进行了展望。结果发现,病毒气溶胶中的主要组分为诺如病毒和人腺病毒,其浓度存在较为明显的工艺单元及季节差异。污水污泥、污水厂的处理规模、运行状况及其所处的环境条件均是影响城市污水厂病毒气溶胶逸散的主要因素。同时,通过综述已有研究发现,目前针对城市污水厂病毒气溶胶的产生机制、扩散规律以及潜在风险评估还缺乏深入研究,也缺乏针对污水厂实际应用的有效控制措施,未来应在这些方面加强关注。

In recent years,the frequent outbreaks of large-scale viral infectious diseases have attracted worldwide attention of airborne pathogenic microorganisms,especially the production and emission of different anthropogenic virus aerosols.By reviewing the emission concentrations,main populations,and point sources of virus aerosols in urban wastewater treatment plants(UWTPs),the correlation between the emission of virus aerosols and bioaerosols are analyzed,the factors of virus aerosols are discussed,the key problems existing in the current research are issued,and the future research trends and directions are also prospected.It is found that the main components of virus aerosols are Norovirus(NoV)and Adenovirus(AdV),and significant differences exist in their concentrations over process units and seasons.Wastewater and sludge,the treatment scale,operation status,and environmental conditions of the UWTPs are the main factors influencing the emission of virus aerosols.Meanwhile,the review of existing studies also reveales that in-depth research lack on the generation mechanisms,dispersion patterns,and potential risk assessment of virus aerosols in UWTPs,as well as the effective control measures for the practical application,which shall receive increased attention in the future.