基于锥形束CT的1138颗多生牙影像学特征分析

Imaging analysis of 1138 supernumerary teeth by using cone-beam computed tomography

目的应用锥形束CT(CBCT)分析及总结多生牙的特征,以期为临床诊疗提供参考。方法共收集718例患者(共1138颗多生牙)的CBCT影像资料作为研究对象,分析了患者就诊年龄、性别、多生牙数目、位置、形态、萌出状态、伴发症状等情况,并进一步统计分析了多生牙上下颌位置、萌出状态和性别与上述特征的相关性。结果患者平均年龄(9.54±5.32)岁,男女比2.88∶1。77.02%在替牙期就诊,数量多为1颗(50.70%);1138颗多生牙中,圆锥形最多,85.76%位于切牙区,92.09%位于上颌,46.75%呈倒置位,86.20%未萌出,65.29%牙根发育完全,60.63%对邻近结构造成影响。多生牙位于上颌或下颌在萌出状态、形态、分区、方向、牙根发育以及对邻近结构影响上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);多生牙是否萌出在性别、形态、分区、方向、牙根发育以及对邻近结构影响上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);男性在切牙区发生率高于女性,且男性多生牙牙根发育较女性更完全(P<0.05)。结论CBCT可精确分析多生牙特征,有助于临床制定诊疗方案。

Objective This study aims to analyze and summarize the characteristics of supernumerary teeth by using cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT).Methods A total of 718 patients with 1138 supernumerary teeth were retrospectively collected.Age,gender,number,location,morphology,eruption status,and accompanying symptoms of the supernumerary teeth were statistically analyzed.The relationship relative to jaws,gender,and eruption status were analyzed and discussed.Results The average age of the patients was 9.54±5.32 years,and the male to female ratio was 2.88∶1.About 77.02%of the patients sought medical advice during the mixed dentition period,and 50.70%had one supernumerary tooth.These supernumeraries were most commonly conical in shape,and 85.76%of them were in the incisor region,92.09%in the upper jaw,46.75%in inverted position,and 86.20%unerupted.Overall,65.29%of them had fully developed roots,and 60.63%had an impact on adjacent structures.Significant differences were found in eruption status,morphology,zoning,direction,root development,and impact on adjacent structures between the supernumerary teeth located in the upper and lower jaws(P<0.05).Significant differences were also detected in gender,morphology,zoning,orientation,root development,and impact on adjacent structures between erupted and unerupted teeth(P<0.05).The incidence of supernumerary teeth in the incisor region was higher in males than that in females.Moreover,the root of supernumeraries was more completely developed in males than in females(P<0.05).Con⁃clusion For supernumerary teeth,CBCT images can provide accurate three-dimensional radiographic data and are valuable for clinical diagnosis and treatment planning.