全民所有自然资源资产“四权分治”改革探析

The Reform of"Four Rights Separation and Governance"for Natural Resource Assets Owned by the Whole Nation

全民所有自然资源资产权利制度改革是加强生态文明建设、助推高质量发展、实现中国式现代化目标的内在要求。针对全民所有自然资源资产存在的归属不清、权责不明和监管缺位等诸多问题,其改革应遵循所有权和使用权、所有权和监管权、所有权和代理权“三重分离”的理论逻辑,构建全民所有自然资源资产所有权、代理权、使用权和监管权“四权分治”体系。基于“主体归属—客体对象—权能界定—运行机制”的四维内涵架构,全民所有自然资源资产“四权分治”改革可进一步遵循完善“分明有序”主客体界定、健全“公平合理”权能实现模式、强化“稳定高效”运行机制等改革路径,切实推进全民所有自然资源资产权利制度改革,构建人与自然和谐共生的中国式现代化建设新格局。

The reform of the system of property rights for natural resource assets owned by the whole nation is an inherent requirement for strengthening ecological civilization construction,promoting high-quality development,and achieving the goals of Chinese-style modernization.In response to the many problems related to unclear ownership,unclear rights and responsibilities,and inadequate supervision of natural resources assets owned by the whole nation,future reforms should adopt the"Three Separations"theoretical logic of separating ownership and usage rights,ownership and regulatory rights,and ownership and agency rights.This will help establish a clear-cut"Four Rights Separation"system for ownership,agency,usage,and regulatory rights of national natural resource assets.Based on the four-dimensional connotation framework of"subject attribution-object entity-power definition-operational mechanism",the future reform of the"Four Rights Separation"of national natural resource assets owned by the whole nation can further follow the paths of improving the"clear and orderly"definition of subject and object,enhancing the"fair and reasonable"realization of power,and strengthening the"stable and efficient"operational mechanism.These reforms will effectively promote the deep implementation of the reform of the property rights system for national natural resource assets and contribute to the development of a new pattern of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature in the Chinese-style modernization construction.