蝇蛆在养殖业中应用研究进展

The research progress of the application of housefly maggot in the livestock industry

蛋白类饲料原料来源单一化成为制约畜牧业发展和安全的关键。蝇蛆不仅是一种传统中医用药材,能对健康起到保障作用,其高蛋白含量和优质氨基酸组成等成为具有显著优势的替代蛋白之一。蝇蛆在适量应用时,不会对正常生长及生产性能产生不良影响,还能从抗氧化、免疫器官发育和效应分子产生等途径增强免疫,从改善消化道生物屏障等途径调节消化道健康,从功能和风味等途径改善产品品质,且没有重金属富集后毒性风险。根据近年来相关研究,本文从生产性能、免疫机能、消化道健康、产品品质和安全性5个方面分析了蝇蛆在养殖业中应用的潜在可能性和面临的问题,并建议继续从来源标准化、方案阶段化和降低成本等方面强化基础和应用研究。

The single sourcing of protein and other feed ingredients has become a key constraint on the development and safety of the livestock industry.Housefly maggot,not only being a traditional Chinese medicinal material with health benefits,but also a significant alternative protein source due to their high protein content and superior amino acid composition.The findings indicated that the appropriate application of housefly maggots not only has no adverse effects on normal growth and production performance,but also enhances immunity through antioxidation,immune organ development,and effector molecule production.It also regulates gastrointestinal health by improving the gut barrier and improves product quality in terms of functionality and flavor without the risk of heavy metal toxicity.Based on recent research,this paper analyzed the potential and challenges of applying housefly maggots in the livestock industry in five aspects:production performance,immune function,gastrointestinal health,product quality,and safety,and recommended to further strengthen basic and applied research from three aspects:standardizing sources,phasing the program,and reducing costs.