方式、结果与作格交替——以汉语和日语活动类动词为例

Manner,Result and Ergative Alternation:Examples from Chinese and Japanese Activity Verbs

世界诸多语言存在作格交替现象。多数研究认为呈现该现象的动词为施事不特定的使役类动词,然而汉语和日语中施事特定的活动类动词亦呈现该现象。关于其原因,前人多从动词的体貌结构进行分析,然而可交替动词的体貌结构并不完全相同。基于词汇语义学的事件结构理论,以“方式”“结果”语义要素为准可以对汉语和日语的动词词汇化模式进行统一分类,进而可以对两种语言活动类动词作格交替的语义机制做统一解释。

In many languages,there is a phenomenon of Ergative Alternation.Most studies suggest that verbs that exhibit this phenomenon are causative verbs with unspecified agents.However,activity verbs with specific agents in Chinese and Japanese also exhibit this feature.Previous researches have analyzed the causal factors of this phenomenon based on the aspect of verbs.However,the aspects of the alternating verbs are not completely identical.Based on lexical semantics and event structure theory,the lexicalization patterns of verbs in Chinese and Japanese can be classified in a unified framework based on<MANNER>and<RESULT>.This unified approach can provide an explanation for the semantic mechanism behind the Ergative Alternation of activity verbs in both languages.