胎盘屏障体外模型的应用与研究进展

Application and study of in vitro modeling of the placental barrier:a review

胎盘作为联系母体和胎儿的独特的临时性器官,在妊娠期间发育并不断改变其结构和功能。作为物质交换的场所,其对病原体、外源化合物的屏障作用也保证了胎儿的健康发育。由于物种间生理差异与人类伦理约束的影响,目前的研究还存在很多局限性。胎盘屏障体外模型的发展将为探究药物与毒物透过胎盘屏障的转运代谢过程、妊娠并发症与合并症对胎儿的影响带来更多详细信息。本文通过对胎盘灌注、滋养层细胞与组织培养、类器官、胎盘微流控芯片等模型进行评价,综述其在药理与毒理研究中的应用,提示此类模型对妊娠期药物疗效评估、胎儿宫内治疗、围产期新药开发等具临床前瞻性意义。

As a multifunctional temporary organ that connects the mother and fetus,the placenta develops during pregnancy and keeps changing its structure and function during the process.As a place for material exchange,the placenta can also help ensure the healthy development of the fetus via its barrier effect against pathogens and exogenous compounds.Due to the physiological differences between species and human ethical constraints,there are still many limitations to current research.The construction of in vitro placental barrier models has brought more detailed information on the metabo-lism of complications and comorbidities during pregnancy,and the transport of drugs and toxicants across the placental barrier.This article evaluates the placental perfusion models,trophoblast cell lines and tissue culture models,organoid models,and placental microfluidic microarrays,and summarizes their applications in pharmacological and toxicological studies.The development of these models is of clinical significance for the assessment of drug efficacy during pregnancy,intrauterine treatment of the fetus,and perinatal development of new drugs.