保障农民种粮合理收益面临的难点与政策选择

Difficulties and Policy Choices in Ensuring Reasonable Benefits for Farmers Growing Grain

农民是粮食生产的主体,保障农民种粮合理收益是确保粮食安全的基础和前提。基于全国农产品成本调查数据,本文全面分析保障农民种粮合理收益面临的现实困境,包括生产成本上升、种粮收益下滑,机会成本高、比较收益低,推进土地流转、持续扩大经营规模进入瓶颈期,农业人口老龄化和低人力资本,产后损失侵蚀农民种粮收益等。建议从完善收益保障机制、继续推进土地流转、重视规模经营主体粮食生产经营能力建设、强化农业科技研发和推广、推动粮食生产降本增效、加快推进粮食产业发展等方面入手,扭转农民种粮收益偏低的局面,确保农民种粮收益位于合理区间。

Farmers are the main body of food production,and ensuring the reasonable income of farmers from growing grain is the foundation and prerequisite for ensuring food security.Based on the data from the national agricultural product cost survey,this article com-prehensively analyzes the practical difficulties faced by farmers in ensuring reasonable returns from grain cultivation,including rising produc-tion costs,declining returns from grain cultivation,high opportunity costs,and low comparative returns,promoting land transfer,continu-ously expanding business scale,entering a bottleneck period,aging agricultural population,low human capital,and postpartum losses eroding farmers'grain production returns.It recommended to start from improving the income guarantee mechanism,continuing to promote land transfer,emphasizing the construction of grain production and operation capacity of large-scale operation entities,strengthening agricultural technology research and development and promotion,promoting cost reduction and efficiency increase in grain production,and accelerating the development of the grain industry,in order to reverse the situation of low farmers'grain income and ensure that farmers'grain income is within a reasonable range.