清代甘肃科举家族与地方志编纂

The Imperial Examination Families and the Compilation of Local Chronicles in Gansu in the Qing Dynasty

在中国历史上,一些家族对其生活的地方社会有着重要的影响,他们往往被冠以“望族”。值得注意的是,自隋唐科举制产生之后,“望族”的建构途径逐渐由原来的世袭或军功变为科举。至少在明清时期,“望族”基本是由科举建构起来的。尝试用“科举家族”的概念代替传统的“望族”,其意义在于凸显科举制对传统社会的型塑,赋予“望族”以新的社会学和历史学意涵。清代甘肃修志156种,其中可以考知的由科举家族编纂的有11种,涉及的科举家族有7家。虽说科举家族编纂志书在清代甘肃并不普遍,但这些志书多为上乘之作,其中四种被民国史志学者张维誉为陇上名志。另外,科举家族编纂志书也是其参与地方社会治理的一种手段。

In Chinese history,some families had an important influence on the local society in which they lived,and they were often called“prominent families”.It is worth noting that since the inauguration of the imperial examination system in the Sui and Tang dynasties,“prominent families”were mainly and gradually established through making success in the imperial examinations instead of the previous hereditary system or military merits.At least in the Ming and Qing dynasties,“prominent families”were basically developed through imperial examinations.The significance of trying to replace the tradi⁃tional concept of“prominent families”with the concept of“imperial examination families”is to highlight how the imperial examination system shaped China’s traditional society,and to endow“prominent families”with new sociological and histor⁃ical connotations.There were 156 kinds of local chronicles written in Gansu in the Qing Dynasty,11 of which were identi⁃fied to be compiled by seven imperial examination families.Although it was not common for imperial examination families to compile local chronicles in Gansu in the Qing Dynasty,most of these chronicles were excellent works,and four of them were praised by Zhang Wei,a local history and chronicles expert of the Republic of China,as famous chronicles of Gansu.In ad⁃dition,the compilation of local chronicles by imperial examination families was also a means for them to participate in local social governance.