全国统一大市场背景下建构政府信用保护公益诉讼的学理探微

Theoretical Probe into the Construction of Public Interest Litigationfor Government Credit Protection under the background of National Unified Big Market

构建全国统一大市场是党中央关于经济发展新格局的重要举措,全国统一大市场的推进须完善以政府信用为基石的法治政府。政府信用关乎多元市场主体的信赖利益保护,可借鉴当事人适格、诉讼担当以及“委托—代理”等理论工具阐释其作为公益诉讼客体的必要性与合理性。政府信用保护公益诉讼的理论建构面临着诉讼客体的边界定位不清、救济方式的经济性不足以及政府失信行为的隐蔽性等问题。因此,未来立法完善须明确此类特殊公益诉讼的受案范围以限缩诉讼客体的边界,拓展政府信用保护非诉救济的可能限度。根据我国现有的政务信息公开要求,还可以结合地方政府债务评级规则探索诉前建议和可诉性评估机制的运行空间。

Building a national unified big market is an important measure of the CPC Central Committee on the new pattern of economic development.To promote the national unified big market,it is necessary to improve the government ruled by law based on government credit.Government credit is related to the protection of trust interests of multi-market subjects.We can learn from the theoretical tools such as eligibility of parties,litigation responsibility and principal-agent to explain its necessity and rationality as the object of public interest litigation.The theoretical construction of government credit protection public interest litigation is faced with some problems,such as the unclear boundary of litigation object,the lack of economy of relief methods and the concealment of government dishonesty.Therefore,in the future legislative perfection,it is necessary to clarify the scope of accepting such special public interest litigation so as to narrow the boundary of litigation objects and expand the possible limit of non-litigation relief for government credit protection.According to the existing requirements of government information disclosure in China,we can also explore the operating space of pre-litigation suggestion and justiciability assessment mechanism in combination with local government debt rating rules.