miRNAs及其靶基因在膀胱癌诊治及预后中的研究进展

Research progress of miRNAs and its target genes in the diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of bladder cancer

膀胱癌(bladder cancer,BC)是人类常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其发病机制包括基因表达变异、蛋白降解和信号转导途径的改变。微小RNAs(miRNAs)是由19~24个核苷酸组成的小型非编码调控RNA,识别靶mRNA的3’端非编码区(3’-untranslated region;3’-UTR)中的互补靶位点,在转录后抑制基因表达。大量涉及miRNAs的膀胱癌研究表明,miRNAs通过下游特定靶标的差异表达间接参与细胞过程,例如修饰信号通路、细胞凋亡、细胞生长和分化。因此,miRNAs可用作癌症表型的预后、治疗及发病前筛查的潜在生物标志物。本文综述了膀胱癌中miRNAs分子靶基因的研究进展,揭示了膀胱癌中miRNAs所涉及的基因表达调控机制,探讨了检测体液中miRNAs诊断膀胱癌的可能性,为将miRNAs作为诊断与治疗膀胱癌的生物标志物提供了新的见解。

Bladder cancer(BC)is one of the most common malignant tumors in humans.Its pathogenesis includes variants on gene expression,protein degradation,and changes in signal transduction pathways.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are small non-coding regulatory RNAs consisting of 19~24 nucleotides that recognize complementary target sites in the 3′non-coding region(UTR)of target mRNAs and inhibit gene expression post-transcriptionally.Numerous bladder cancer studies involving miRNAs have demonstrated that miRNAs indirectly participate in cellular processes such as modification signaling pathways,apoptosis,cell growth,and differentiation through differential expression of downstream specific targets.Thus,miRNAs can be used as potential biomarkers for prognosis,treatment response,and pre-onset screening of cancer phenotypes.In this review,the research progress of molecular target genes of miRNAs in bladder cancer was reviewed,the gene expression regulation mechanism involved in miRNAs in bladder cancer was revealed,and explore the possibility of detecting miRNAs in body fluids to diagnose bladder cancer.It provides a new idea for miRNAs as clinical early diagnosis,prognosis,and treatment markers of bladder cancer.