Parameter estimation of sediment in the Yellow River based on the porous medium acoustic theory

基于孔隙介质声学理论的黄河底质泥沙参数估计

Presently,the use of sub-bottom profiler sonar signals is limited to inversing the physical parameters of the sediment in the surface layer(first layer).In this study,based on the acoustic theory of porous medium,the acoustic inversion of the physical parameters of the lower layer(second layer)sediment is studied.When acoustic waves propagate in water and sediment media,interlayer reflection and transmission,intralayer attenuation,and other processes change the energy.The reflection and transmission coefficients of acoustic waves incident perpendicularly to the water–sediment and sediment–sediment interfaces are derived,and the effects of the reflection and transmission process of acoustic waves on the amplitude are quantified.The relationship between the frequency shift and relaxation time of the transmitted signal in different particle size sediments is established to estimate the corresponding attenuation coefficient using the frequency shift of each layer signal.On this basis,combined with the diffusion process of acoustic waves,the equation for extracting the acoustic wave reflection and transmission coefficients of each layer at the interface is derived from the measured sonar signal.Further calculations show that the sediment parameters have a greater influence on the reflection coefficient,and the feasibility of calculating the physical parameters of the lower sediment using the reflection coefficient has been proved.Under the premise of obtaining the physical parameters of surface sediment,this study provides specific methods and steps for inverting the physical parameters of the lower sediment.The on-site detection in the Xiaolangdi reservoir area of the Yellow River,combined with the sediment sampling test results,proved that the proposed method of inversion of the lower sediment parameters based on the porous medium acoustic theory is feasible.

目前,利用浅地层剖面仪声呐信号仅限于反演水底表层(第一层)泥沙物理参数,本文基于孔隙介质声学理论开展了下层(第二层)泥沙物理参数的声学反演研究。声波在水与泥沙介质中传播时,层间反射和透射、层内衰减等过程使能量发生变化。本文导出声波垂直入射在水-泥沙、泥沙-泥沙界面的反射和透射系数,量化了声波的反射和透射过程对幅度的影响,并建立发射信号在不同粒径泥沙中频移和弛豫时间的关系,从而利用各层信号频移大小估计相应衰减系数。在此基础上,结合声波的扩散过程,给出从实测声呐信号中提取各层交界面声波反射、透射系数的公式。进一步计算表明泥沙参数对反射系数的影响较大,证明利用反射系数计算下层泥沙物理参数是可行的。在获取表层泥沙物理参数的前提下,本文给出了反演下层泥沙物理参数的具体方法和步骤。在黄河小浪底库区开展现场探测,结合泥沙取样测试结果,证明本文提出的基于孔隙介质声学理论反演下层泥沙参数方法是可行的。