“双碳”目标下我国三北地区能源外送新途径研究

Research on New Methods of Energy Export in the Three North Regions of China under the“Dual Carbon”Goal

可再生能源大规模发展,是实现“双碳”目标的重要途径。安全、绿色、高效利用可再生能源,是加快构建现代能源体系的必然要求。目前北煤南运、西电东送、北电南送等,是我国能源流向的基本特征。如何利用三北丰富的电力和硅矿资源,是当前可再生能源发展中的一大挑战。本文基于等效能量运输计算方法,首先,将运送光伏组件与运输煤炭对比,测算得出三类资源地区的费用、能耗、碳排放量,分别随运输量下降明显。然后,通过案例分析,对比陕北—湖北±800k V特高压直流输电,按等效能量采用铁路、公路、水路三种方式年输送40GW光伏组件,结果发现:三类资源区受电量可分别提高43.1%、24.0%、5.0%;通过对比分析特高压输电的费用、能耗、碳排放量等指标,发现水路、铁路方式最低等效运输距离为1.5×10^(4)km,而公路按照运费等效的运输距离最短,为1418km。相比运煤和输电,运输光伏是时空长距离、大规模能源运输的最有效途径。最后,通过我国光伏产业布局分析表明:在三北地区通过光伏外送实现电力外送更高效。基于此,应构建新型电力系统,优化利用三北地区资源优势,有序推进光伏大开发,推动光伏产业出口和国际新能源合作。

The large-scale development of renewable energy is an essential way to achieve the“dual carbon”goal.The safe,green,and efficient utilization of renewable energy is an inevitable requirement for accelerating the construction of a modern energy system.At pre-sent,the basic characteristics of energy flow in China are the transportation of coal from the north to the south,the transmission of electricity from the west to the east,and the transmission of electricity from the north to the south.How to utilize the abundant power and silicon mineral resources in the Three Norths is a major challenge in the current development of renewable energy.This article is based on the cal-culation method of equivalent energy transportation.Firstly,by comparing the transportation of photovoltaic modules with the transportation of coal,the cost,energy consumption,and carbon emissions of three types of resource areas are calculated,which decrease significantly with the transportation volume.Then,through case analysis,a comparison was made between the±800 k V ultra-high voltage direct current transmission from northern Shaanxi to Hubei,and the annual transmission of 40GW of photovoltaic modules was carried out using three methods:railway,highway,and waterway based on equivalent energy.The results showed that the electricity consumption of the three types of resource areas could be increased by 43.1%,24.0%,and 5.0%,respectively;By comparing and analyzing the cost,energy consumption,carbon emissions and other indicators of ultra-high voltage transmission,it found that the minimum equivalent transportation distance for waterway and railway modes is 1.5×10^(4)km,while the shortest transportation distance for highways based on freight equivalent is 1418km.Compared to coal transportation and power transmission,transporting photovoltaic energy is the most effective way for long-distance and large-scale energy transportation in time and space.Finally,through the analysis of China's photovoltaic industry layout,it is shown that achieving more efficient power transmission through photovoltaic transmission in the three northern regions is more efficient.Based on this,it is necessary to build a new type of power system,optimize the utilization of resource advantages in the three northern regions,orderly promote photovoltaic development,and promote the export of photovoltaic industry and international new energy cooperation.