失能老人长期照护服务需求及其完善优化政策建议

Needs of Long-term Care Service for the Disabled Elderly with Suggestions on Improving and Optimizing its Policy

老龄社会的全面加速,使得失能老人长期照护问题凸显。本文基于中国老年健康调查数据(CLHLS)和中国老年社会追踪调查数据(CLASS),评估我国老年人失能状况,并从照护内容、照护类型和照护支付意愿三方面考察失能老人的养老服务需求。研究发现:一是照护需求内容方面,被调查样本中约87%的失能老人具有长期照护的需求,其中对医疗护理需求最高、精神慰藉次之、日常照料最低。二是照护类型方面,以子女为核心的家庭照护是失能老人最主要的需求类型,其次为机构照护,社区照护需求最低。三是照护支付意愿方面,失能老人对机构照护服务的支付意愿不高且呈现明显的地区差异。基于此,应明确失能老人长期照护服务内涵、加强顶层设计、完善价格收费机制、建立专业化人才培养体系,以健全我国基本养老服务体系。

The overall acceleration of the aging society has highlighted the issue of Long-term care for the disabled elderly.This arti-cle is based on data from the China Elderly Health Survey(CLHLS)and the China Elderly Social Tracking Survey(CLASS)to evaluate the disability status of elderly people in China,and to examine the care service needs of disabled elderly from three aspects:care contents,care types,and willingness to pay for care.The research found that:Firstly,in terms of care contents,about 87%of the disabled elderly in the sur-vey sample have the need for Long-term care,of which the demand for medical care is the highest,followed by mental comfort,and daily care is the lowest.Secondly,in terms of care types,family care centered around children is the main type of needs for disabled elderly,fol-lowed by institutional care,and community care has the lowest demand.Thirdly,in terms of willingness to pay for care,disabled elderly people have a low willingness to pay for institutional care services,which exhibits significant regional differences.It proposed to clarify the connotation of long-term care service for the disabled elderly,strengthen top-level design,improve the pricing mechanism,and establish a professional talent training system,to improve China's basic elderly care service system.