我国“多轨制”养老金收入差距及时空收敛性研究

Research on the Timeliness and Spatial Convergence of Income Disparities in China's“Multi-Track”Pension System

在我国人口老龄化进程加快的背景下,缩小“多轨制”养老金收入差距,对于提升我国整体养老水平具有重要现实意义。基于2011-2020年省级面板数据,采用基尼系数测算“多轨制”养老金收入差距,运用泰尔指数及其分解项衡量σ收敛,利用空间计量模型进行β收敛效应检验。结果表明:(1)全国及各区域层面的“多轨制”养老金收入差距均呈缓慢下降趋势,东部、中部地区“多轨制”养老金收入差距明显高于东北、西部地区。(2)“多轨制”养老金收入差距整体呈现σ收敛状态,四大区域的时空收敛性存在显著差异。(3)考虑空间相关后,各区域“多轨制”养老金收入差距的β收敛效应显著存在,婚姻状况、受教育程度、人口年龄结构、家庭人均净财富和家庭规模对区域“多轨制”养老金收入差距收敛起到显著的促进作用。基于此,应构建多层次、多支柱养老保险体系,拓宽养老保险覆盖面;调整各区域、各阶段养老金区间,提升养老保险适配度;实现多元主体责任共担,统筹养老保险全国布局。

In the context of accelerated population aging in China,narrowing the income disparity of the“multi-track system”pension is of great practical significance for improving the overall level of elderly care in China.Based on panel data at the provincial level from2011 to 2020,the Gini coefficient is used to measure the income disparity of the“multi-track system”pension,the Theil index and its deschoomwp otshiatit:o n(1 a)reT hues eidn ctoo mme edasisupraeriσty coofn tvheer g“enmcuel,t ia-ntrda ca ks psyatsitael me”c opneonsmioetnr iact tmhoed enla tiiso enaml palnody erde gtioo nteaslt ltehveelsβisc ogrnavdeuraglelyn cdee cefrfeeacsti.n gT,hwe itrhes tulhtse eastern and central regions having significantly higher income disparity compared to the northeast and western regions.(2)The overall incgoenmcee daimspoanrigt yt hoef ftohue r“rmeguilotin-s.t r(a3c)k Asfytsetre mco”npsiednesriionng sshpoatwiasl acoσrrceloantivoenr,g ethneceβstcatoen,vewritghe nscige neiffifceactn to fd itffheer einncceos mien sdpisaptiaarli tayn odf ttehme p"omraull tcio-ntrvaecrksystem"pension in each region is significant.Marital status,education level,population age structure,per capita net wealth,and household size play a significant role in promoting the convergence of regional income disparity of the“multi-track system”pension.Based on these findings,it is suggested to establish a multi-level and multi-pillar pension insurance system,expand pension insurance coverage,adjust pension ranges in different regions and stages to improve pension insurance adaptability,and achieve shared responsibilities among multiple stakeholders for a coordinated national layout of pension insurance.