环境伦理学的人类世叙事困境及其出路

The Dilemma and Way out of Anthropocene Narration in Environmental Ethics

传统环境伦理学固守人与自然二元对立思想,无力应对生态危机,屡遭诟病。“人类世”观念因其蕴含的人与自然的新型关系,引发了环境伦理学界的广泛关注。借力人类世叙事,环境伦理学秉持一种后二元论的立场,意图颠覆自然与人类二元对立的思想。然而,由于缺失自然与社会关系的辩证思考,认识不到自然与社会在分析上的区隔,这种环境伦理学叙事漠视地球生态被大肆破坏背后的政治经济因素,落入普世原罪论俗套和技术乌托邦陷阱。为跳脱这种后二元论困境,我们不妨引入马尔姆和摩尔等学者提出的“资本世”观念,倡导环境伦理学的资本世叙事,从而将政治经济学批判贯穿于环境伦理学的叙事当中。

Traditional environmental ethics sticks to the binary opposition between man and nature and is unable to cope with the ecological crisis,which has been criticized repeatedly.The concept of"Anthropocene"has aroused widespread concern in the field of environmental ethics because of the new relationship between man and nature it holds.With the help of the narrative of the Anthropocene,environmental ethics holds a post-dualistic position,intending to subvert the idea of binary opposition between nature and human beings.However,due to the lack of dialectical thinking on the relationship between nature and society,the analytical division between nature and society can’t be recognized.Such narrative of environmental ethics ignores the political and economic factors behind the wanton destruction of the earth's ecology and falls into the trap of universal original sin theory and technological utopia.In order to get rid of this post-dualistic dilemma,it is advisable to introduce the concept of"Capitalocene"put forward by scholars such as Malm and Moore,and advocate the narrative of capital world in environmental ethics,so that the criticism of political economy can run through the narrative of environmental ethics.