铁苋菜粉对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、炎症因子水平、抗氧化能力、肠道形态及微生物群落的影响

Effects of Acalypha australis L.Powder on Growth Performance,Inflammatory Factor Levels,Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Morphology and Microbial Community of Yellow-Feathered Broilers

本试验旨在研究铁苋菜粉对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、炎症因子水平、抗氧化能力、肠道形态及盲肠微生物群落的影响。试验选取320只1日龄雄性黄羽肉鸡,随机分为5组,每组8个重复,每个重复8只鸡。各组分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组,AAL0组)、基础饲粮+100 g/t硫酸黏菌素(抗生素组,AAL0+K组)、基础饲粮+1000 mg/kg铁苋菜粉(AAL1000组)、基础饲粮+2000 mg/kg铁苋菜粉(AAL2000组)以及基础饲粮+3000 mg/kg铁苋菜粉(AAL3000组)。试验期63 d,分为1~21日龄、22~42日龄和43~63日龄3个阶段。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮添加2000 mg/kg铁苋菜粉显著提高黄羽肉鸡平均日增重(1~21日龄除外)(P<0.05),显著降低料重比(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮添加3000 mg/kg铁苋菜粉显著降低试验第32天和第64天黄羽肉鸡血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)含量(P<0.05),显著提高试验第64天血清白细胞介素-10(IL-10)含量(P<0.05)。3)试验第32天,与对照组相比,AAL2000组和AAL3000组黄羽肉鸡血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05);与对照组和抗生素组相比,AAL1000组、AAL2000组和AAL3000组血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著提高(P<0.05)。试验第64天,与对照组和抗生素组相比,AAL2000组和AAL3000组血清SOD活性显著提高(P<0.05);与对照组相比,AAL1000组、AAL2000组和AAL3000组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著提高(P<0.05)。4)试验第32天,与对照组相比,抗生素组和AAL2000组黄羽肉鸡空肠绒毛高度显著提高(P<0.05),AAL1000组和AAL2000组空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C)值显著提高(P<0.05)。试验第64天,与对照组相比,AAL2000组和AAL3000组空肠绒毛高度和V/C值显著提高(P<0.05)。5)通过alpha和beta多样性分析发现,各组间黄羽肉鸡盲肠微生物群落Shannon指数差异均不显著(P>0.05),表明饲粮添加铁苋菜粉不影响盲肠微生物群落多样性。在门水平上,与对照组相比,饲粮添加2000和3000 mg/kg铁苋菜粉显著提高盲肠拟杆菌门相对丰度(P<0.05),并降低盲肠厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门值。在属水平上,与对照组相比,饲粮添加2000和3000 mg/kg铁苋菜粉显著提高试验第32天盲肠芽殖菌属相对丰度(P<0.05);试验第64天,与对照组相比,饲粮添加3000 mg/kg铁苋菜粉显著提高盲肠另枝菌属相对丰度(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加适量的铁苋菜粉可促进黄羽肉鸡生长,降低炎症因子水平,提高抗氧化能力,改善肠道健康。

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Acalypha australis L.powder on growth performance,inflammatory factor levels,antioxidant capacity and intestinal morphology and microbial community of yellow-feathered broilers.A total of 320 male yellow-feathered broilers of 1-day-old were randomly divided into 5 groups with 8 replicates per group and 8 chickens per replicate.Broilers in each group were fed a basal diet(control group,AAL0 group)and the basal diet+100 g/t colistin sulfate(antibiotic group,AAL0+K group),basal diet+1000 mg/kg Acalypha australis L.powder(AAL1000 group),basal diet+2000 mg/kg Acalypha australis L.powder(AAL2000 group)and basal diet+3000 mg/kg Acalypha australis L.powder(AAL3000 group),respectively.The experiment lasted for 63 days and was divided into three stages as 1 to 21,22 to 42 and 43 to 63 days of age.The results showed as follows:1)compared with the control group,dietary 2000 mg/kg Acalypha australis L.powder significantly increased the average daily gain of yellow feathered broilers(P<0.05)(except 1 to 21 days of age),and significantly decreased the ratio of feed to gain(P<0.05).2)Compared with the control group,dietary 3000 mg/kg Acalypha australis L.powder significantly decreased the contents of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)in serum of yellow-feathered broilers on days 32 and 64(P<0.05),and significantly increased the interleukin-10(IL-10)content in serum on day 64(P<0.05).3)On day 32,compared with control group,the serum malondialdehyde(MDA)content of yellow-feathered broilers in AAL2000 and AAL3000 groups was significantly decreased(P<0.05);and compared with the control group and antibiotic group,the serum superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity in AAL1000,AAL2000 and AAL3000 groups was significantly increased(P<0.05).On day 64,compared with the control group and antibiotic group,the serum SOD activity in AAL2000 and AAL3000 groups was significantly increased(P<0.05);and compared with the control group,the serum glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity in AAL1000,AAL2000 and AAL3000 groups was significantly increased(P<0.05).4)On day 32,compared with the control group,the villus height of jejunum of yellow-feathered broilers in the antibiotic group and AAL2000 group was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the villus height to crypt depth ratio(V/C)of jejunum in AAL1000 and AAL2000 groups was significantly increased(P<0.05).On day 64,compared with the control group,the villus height and V/C of jejunum in AAL2000 and AAL3000 groups were significantly increased(P<0.05).5)There was no significant difference in Shannon index of cecal microbial community of yellow-feathered broilers among all groups by alpha and beta diversity analysis(P>0.05),indicating that dietary Acalypha australis L.powder did not affect cecal microbial community diversity.At the phylum level,compared with the control group,dietary 2000 and 3000 mg/kg Acalypha australis L.powder significantly increased the Bacteroidetes relative abundance in cecum(P<0.05),and decreased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes in cecum.At the genus level,compared with the control group,dietary 2000 and 3000 mg/kg Acalypha australis L.powder significantly increased the Gemmiger relative abundance in cecum on day 32(P<0.05);on day 64,compared with the control group,dietary 3000 mg/kg Acalypha australis L.significantly increased the Alistipes relative abundance in cecum(P<0.05).In conclusion,adding proper amount of Acalypha australis L.powder in diet can promote the growth of yellow-feathered broilers,reduce the inflammatory factor levels,increase antioxidant capacity and improve intestinal health.