包被植物乳杆菌和低聚果糖对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、免疫能力、粪便臭味及盲肠微生物的影响

Effects of Coated Lactobacillus plantarum and Fructooligosaccharide on Performance,Egg Quality,Immune Capacity,Fecal Odor and Cecum Microbiota of Laying Hens

本试验旨在研究包被植物乳杆菌和低聚果糖对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、免疫能力、粪便臭味及盲肠微生物的影响。选取360只健康的34周龄海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只。对照组(CON组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮的基础上添加1 g/kg包被植物乳杆菌(MLP组,活菌数为1.0×10^(10)CFU/g)、1 g/kg低聚果糖(FOS组)以及1 g/kg包被植物乳杆菌+1 g/kg低聚果糖(SYN组)的饲粮。试验期24周。结果表明:1)饲粮中添加包被植物乳杆菌和低聚果糖对蛋鸡生产性能无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)与对照组相比,FOS组和SYN组蛋白高度和哈氏单位显著提高(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,MLP组和FOS组蛋鸡血浆干扰素-γ(INF-γ)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和白细胞介素-2(IL-2)含量显著降低(P<0.05),SYN组血浆白细胞介素-10(IL-10)和IL-6含量显著提高(P<0.05),且SYN组血浆IL-10、IL-6和IL-2含量显著高于MLP组和FOS组(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,试验组蛋鸡粪便中吲哚和粪臭素含量均显著降低(P<0.05)。5)在门水平上,与对照组相比,MLP组蛋鸡盲肠厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和FOS组盲肠拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)相对丰度提高,试验组盲肠螺旋菌门(Spirochaetota)和脱硫菌门(Desulfobacterota)相对丰度降低。在属水平上,与对照组相比,MLP组盲肠乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)相对丰度提高,盲肠拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)和理研菌科RC9肠道群(Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group)相对丰度降低;FOS组盲肠拟杆菌属和罗姆布茨菌属(Romboutsia)相对丰度提高;SYN组盲肠瘤胃球菌属扭链群(Ruminococcus_torques_group)和考拉杆菌属(Phascolarctobacterium)相对丰度有所提高。线性判别分析效应大小(LEfSe)分析表明,对照组蛋鸡盲肠显著富集有害菌脱硫弧菌属(Desulfovibrio)[线性判别分析(LDA)评分>2,P<0.05],SYN组盲肠显著富集有益菌霍氏真杆菌属(Eubacterium_hallii_group)和韦荣氏球菌属(Veillonella)(LDA评分>2,P<0.05)。综上可知,饲粮中添加包被植物乳杆菌和低聚果糖能够提高蛋鸡蛋品质和免疫能力,改善盲肠微生物组成,降低粪便臭味物质含量;其中,低聚果糖在改善蛋品质和降解臭味物质方面效果较佳,包被植物乳杆菌和低聚果糖联合添加在提高机体免疫能力和改善盲肠微生物组成方面效果较佳。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of coated Lactobacillus plantarum and fructooligosaccharide on performance,egg quality,immune capacity,fecal odor and cecum microbiota of laying hens.A total of 360 healthy Hy-Line brown laying hens of 34-week-old were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates per group and 15 hens per replicate.Hens in the control group(CON group)were fed a basal diet,and those in experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 1 g/kg coated Lactobacillus plantarum(MLP group,the viable bacteria count was 1.0×10^(10) CFU/g),1 g/kg fructooligosaccharide(FOS group)and 1 g/kg coated Lactobacillus plantarum+1 g/kg fructooligosaccharide(SYN group)diets,respectively.The experiment lasted for 24 weeks.The results showed as follows:1)dietary Lactobacillus plantarum and fructooligosaccharide had no significant effects on performance of laying hens(P>0.05).2)Compared with the control group,the albumen height and Haugh unit in FOS and SYN groups were significantly increased(P<0.05).3)Compared with the control group,the contents of interferon-γ(INF-γ),interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-2(IL-2)in plasma of laying hens in MLP and FOS groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the contents of interleukin-10(IL-10)and IL-6 in plasma in SYN group were significantly increased(P<0.05),meanwhile the contents of IL-10,IL-6 and IL-2 in plasma in SYN group were significantly higher than those in MLP and FOS groups(P<0.05).4)Compared with control group,the contents of indole and skatole in feces of laying hens in experimental groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05).5)At the phylum level,compared with the control group,the Firmicutes relative abundance in cecum of laying hens in MLP group and the Bacteroidota relative abundance in cecum in FOS group were increased,and the relative abundances of Spirochaetota and Desulfobacterota in cecum in experimental groups were decreased.At the genus level,compared with the control group,the Lactobacillus relative abundance in cecum in MLP group was increased,and the relative abundances of Bacteroides and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group were decreased;the relative abundances of Bacteroides and Romboutsia in cecum in FOS group were increased;the relative abundances of Ruminococcus_torques_group and Phascolarctobacterium in cecum in SYN group were increased.Linear discriminant analysis effect size(LEFSe)analysis showed that the harmful bacterium as Desulfovibrio was significantly enriched in cecum of laying hens in the control group[linear discriminant analysis(LDA)score>2,P<0.05],and the beneficial bacteria as Eubacterium_hallii_group and Veillonella were significantly enriched in cecum in SYN group(LDA score>2,P<0.05).In conclusion,dietary coated Lactobacillus plantarum and fructooligosaccharide can improve egg quality and immune capacity,improve cecum microbial composition,and reduce fecal odorous substance contents.Among them,fructooligosaccharide has better effects on improving egg quality and degrading odors,and the combination of Lactobacillus plantarum and fructooligosaccharide has better effects on improving immune capacity and cecum microbial composition.