燕麦干草和苜蓿干草的组合效应对肉兔生长性能的影响

Effects of Combined Effects of Oat Hay and Alfalfa Hay on Growth Performance of Meat Rabbits

本试验旨在探讨燕麦干草和苜蓿干草的组合效应对肉兔生长性能、饲粮养分表观消化率、血清生化指标和肠道发育的影响。选择28日龄的体重相近的新西兰白兔600只,随机分为5组,每个组设置6个重复,每个重复内20只肉兔,公母各占1/2。配制燕麦干草和苜蓿干草之和占比为28%的5种试验饲粮,其中对照组饲粮中燕麦干草∶苜蓿干草为0∶4,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组饲粮中燕麦干草∶苜蓿干草分别为1∶3、1∶1、3∶1和4∶0。预试期7 d,正试期35 d。结果显示:1)试验Ⅰ组末重和平均日增重显著高于对照组、试验Ⅲ和Ⅳ组(P<0.05),料重比显著低于对照组、试验Ⅲ和Ⅳ组(P<0.05);各组之间平均日采食量、腹泻率和死亡率差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)各组之中以试验Ⅰ组饲粮各养分表观消化率最高,且试验Ⅰ组的饲粮能量、粗蛋白质、干物质和中性洗涤纤维表观消化率显著高于试验Ⅲ和Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。3)各组之间血清总蛋白、白蛋白、尿素氮、葡萄糖含量与碱性磷酸酶、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活性无显著差异(P>0.05)。4)试验Ⅰ组十二指肠、空肠绒毛高度显著高于试验Ⅳ组(P<0.05),绒隐比显著高于对照组、试验Ⅲ和Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。由此可见,肉兔饲粮中燕麦干草和苜蓿干草的最佳组合比例为1∶3,其可促进肠道发育,提高饲粮养分消化率,进而提高肉兔的生长性能。

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of combined effects of oat hay and alfalfa hay on growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility,serum biochemical indexes and intestinal development of meat rabbits.Six hundred 28-day-old New Zealand white rabbits with similar body weight were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates in each group,20 rabbits in each replicate,and half for male and female.Five experimental diets with the 28% of total oat hay and alfalfa hay proportion were prepared.The oat hay∶alfalfa hay in the diets of control group and trial groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ was 0∶4,1∶3,1∶1,3∶1 and 4∶0,respectively.The pre-feeding period was 7 days and the trial period was 35 days.The results showed as follows:1)the final body weight and average daily gain of trial group Ⅰ were significantly higher than those of control group,trial groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ(P<0.05),and the ratio of feed to gain was significantly lower than that of control group,trial groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in average daily feed intake,diarrhea rate and mortality rate among groups(P>0.05).2)The apparent digestibility of nutrients in trial group Ⅰ was the highest among all groups,and the apparent digestibility of energy,crude protein(CP),dry matter(DM)and neutral detergent fiber(NDF)of trial groupⅠwas significantly higher than that of trial groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ(P<0.05).3)There were no significant effects on serum the contents of total protein(TP),albumin(ALB),urea nitrogen(UN),glucose(GLU)and the activities of alkaline phosphatase(ALP),alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)in serum among groups(P>0.05).4)The villus height in duodenum and jejunum of trial group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that of trail group Ⅳ(P<0.05),and the villus height/crypt depth ratio was significantly higher than that of control group,trial groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ(P<0.05).The results indicate that the best combination of oat hay and alfalfa hay in the diet of meat rabbits is 1∶3,which can promote intestinal development,improve dietary nutrient digestibility,and then improve the growth performance of meat rabbits.