不同青绿饲料附生微生物交换与组合对青贮品质的影响

Effects of Epiphytic Microorganism Exchange and Combination on Silage Quality in Different Green Feeds

本试验旨在研究交换和组合附生微生物对青绿饲料青贮品质和有氧稳定性的影响。以甘蔗尾叶和象草为研究对象,通过高速离心(15000×g,90 min)浸提液的方法得到其附生微生物,通过高温干燥灭菌(65℃,3 h;105℃,15 h)的方法得到灭菌原料。将灭菌后的甘蔗尾叶(S)和象草(E)分别接种甘蔗尾叶附生微生物(MS)、象草附生微生物(ME)以及两者混合附生微生物(1∶1)(MES)进行青贮。试验共6个处理,分别为E×ME、E×MS、E×MES、S×ME、S×MS和S×MES,每个处理5个重复,青贮100 d。青贮后进行12 d的有氧稳定性测定,对青贮开封时样本及青贮有氧不稳定时样本进行发酵指标测定。结果表明:青贮原料对青贮的干物质(DM)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、粗蛋白质(CP)和粗灰分(Ash)含量有显著影响(P<0.05),附生微生物对青贮的DM、粗纤维(CF)和Ash含量有显著影响(P<0.05)。青贮原料与附生微生物的交互作用对青贮的DM、NDF、CP、CF和Ash含量有显著影响(P<0.05)。青贮原料和附生微生物及其交互作用均对青贮的pH及乳酸、氨态氮、乙醇、乙酸、丙酸和丁酸含量有显著影响(P<0.05)。青贮原料和附生微生物及其交互作用均对乳酸菌、酵母菌和霉菌数量有显著影响(P<0.05)。综上所述,甘蔗尾叶附生微生物以及甘蔗尾叶和象草混合附生微生物会提高象草青贮的有氧稳定性,甘蔗尾叶和象草混合附生微生物的发酵会提高甘蔗尾叶青贮品质。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of exchange and combination of epiphytic microorganisms on silage quality and aerobic stability of green feed.The epiphytic microorganisms were obtained from the Sugarcane tops and elephant grass by high speed centrifugation(15000×g,90 min).The epiphytic microorganisms were sterilized by high temperature drying(65℃,3 h;105℃,15 h)to obtain sterilized raw materials.The sterilized Sugarcane tops(S)and elephant grass(E)were inoculated with epiphytic microorganisms(M S)from Sugarcane tops,epiphytic microorganisms(M E)from elephant grass,and a mixture of both microorganisms(1∶1)(M ES)for silage.A total of 6 treatment combinations were E×M E,E×M S,E×M ES,S×M E,S×M S and S×M ES.Each treatment combination had 5 replicates and was silaged for 100 days.Aerobic stability was measured for 12 days after silage,and fermentation indexes were measured for samples when silage was unsealed and samples when silage was aerobic unstable.The results showed that the raw materials of silage had significant effects on the contents of dry matter(DM),neutral detergent fiber(NDF),acid detergent fiber(ADF),crude protein(CP)and ash after silage(P<0.05),and epiphytic microorganism had significant effects on the contents of DM,crude fiber(CF)and ash after silage(P<0.05).The interaction between silage raw materials and epiphytic microorganisms had significant effects on the contents of DM,NDF,CP,CF and ash(P<0.05).Silage raw materials and epiphytic microorganisms and their interactions had significant effects on the pH and lactic acid,ammonia nitrogen,ethanol,acetic acid,propionic acid and butyric acid contents of silage(P<0.05).Silage raw materials and epiphytic microorganisms and their interactions had significant effects on the number of lactic acid bacteria,yeast and mold(P<0.05).In conclusion,epiphytic microorganism from Sugarcane tops and mixed epiphytes from Sugarcane tops and elephant grass can improve the aerobic stability of elephant grass silage,and the fermentation of mixed epiphytes from Sugarcane tops and elephant grass can improve the silage quality of Sugarcane tops.