启发式教学在弹性力学课程中的应用——以圆环或圆筒受均布压力为例

弹性力学是工科专业一门重要的专业基础课,对学习其他固体力学课程起到奠基石的作用。针对弹性力学教学中存在的理论概念抽象、公式推导较多、学生反映枯燥难懂及学习兴趣不高等问题,该文以“圆环或圆筒受均布压力”一节为例,合理优化教学内容,探讨开展启发式教学的思路。具体教学环节为:从生活实例中导入问题,激发学习兴趣;采用引导与提问相结合的方式,由浅入深地建立拉梅问题的求解思路;以讨论的方式帮助学生理解拉梅解答的特例,启发学生独立思考和思维拓展;寻找教学知识与科研实例的契合点,锻炼工程实际应用能力,达到学以致用的目的。结果表明,该教学模式取得显著的教学效果,为高校弹性力学的教学改革提供参考和借鉴。

theoretical concepts,more formula derivations,boring and difficult to understand,and low interest in learning,the teaching content was optimized reasonably and the heuristic teaching method was explored by the circular ring or cylinder under uniform pressure in this paper.The teaching process is designed as:Introduce problems from life examples to inspire learning interest;Adopt the combination of guidance and questioning to establish the solution of Lame problem from shallow to deep;Help students understand the special cases of Lame solutions through discussion,and enlighten students to think independently and divergently;Find the convergence point between teaching knowledge and scientific examples,and cultivate the practical application ability of engineering,so as to achieve the purpose of learning to apply.The results show that this new method has achieved remarkable teaching effects,which provides reference for the educational reform of elastic mechanics in colleges and universities.