“庆油3号”冷榨菜籽油品质及风味研究

Quality and Flavor of“Qingyou 3”Cold Pressed Rapeseed Oil

为评价“庆油3号”冷榨菜籽油营养品质和风味价值,以市售2种油菜籽为对照,采用冷榨技术制备菜籽油,对3种冷榨菜籽油理化指标、脂肪酸组成、微量营养成分和挥发性风味物质进行测定分析。结果表明:3种冷榨菜籽油理化指标均在菜籽油质量标准范围之内;不饱和脂肪酸质量分数均为90%以上,主要以油酸(质量分数55.32%~61.18%)、亚油酸(质量分数19.38%~20.93%)和a-亚麻酸(质量分数7.89%~11.97%)为主;同时都含有生育酚、多酚、植物甾醇等微量营养成分,其中“庆油3号”的总酚(质量分数14.50 mg/100 g)、总生育酚(质量分数69.04 mg/100 g)、菜油甾醇(质量分数42.75%)均显著高于其他2种冷榨菜籽油;3种冷榨菜籽油共检测出64种挥发性物质,以硫苷降解产物(质量分数49.06%)、醛类(质量分数56.22%)和杂环化合物(质量分数15.22%)为主要的风味贡献物质。与“凯欣”和“绵阳油”2种冷榨菜籽油对比,“庆油3号”冷榨菜籽油在营养品质和风味上较为突出。

In order to evaluate the nutritional quality and flavor value of“Qingyou 3”cold pressed rapeseed oil,rapeseed oil was prepared by cold pressing technology with two commercial rapeseeds as control.The physicochemical indexes,fatty acid composition,trace nutrients and volatile flavor substances of three cold pressed rapeseed oil were determined and analyzed.The results indicated that the physical and chemical indexes of three kinds of cold pressed rapeseed oil complied with the quality standard of rapeseed oil;the unsaturated fatty acid contents were all above 90%,mainly oleic acid(55.32%~61.18%),linoleic acid(19.38%~20.93%)andα-linolenic acid(7.89%~11.97%);they also contained tocopherols,polyphenols,phytosterols and other trace nutrients.The total phenols(14.50 mg/100 g),total tocopherols(69.04 mg/100 g)and rapeseed sterols(42.75%)were significantly higher than those of the other two cold-pressed rapeseed oils;64 volatile substances were detected in the three types of cold-pressed rapeseed oils,a total of 64 volatile substances were detected in the three cold pressed rapeseed oils,with thioglycoside degradation products(49.06%),aldehydes(56.22%)and heterocyclic compounds(15.22%)as the main flavor contributors.Compared with the cold-pressed rapeseed oil of“Kaixin”and“Mianyang Oil”,the cold-pressed rapeseed oil of“Qingyou No.3”was more prominent in nutritional quality and flavor.