重症监护病房儿童意外伤害病因分析

Etiological Analysis of Accidental Injuries in Children in Intensive Care Unit

目的:分析重症监护病房儿童意外伤害病因。方法:回顾性分析2018年1月—2020年12月东莞市儿童医院重症监护病房收治的202例意外伤害患儿临床资料,统计意外伤害病因。结果:在男性患儿中,最常见的意外伤害类型是跌落/坠伤(29.66%),其次是气道/消化道异物(27.97%);在女性患儿中,最常见的是食物/药物中毒(22.62%),其次是气道/消化道异物(19.76%)。在不同年龄段中,婴儿期最常见的意外伤害类型是跌落/坠伤和气道/消化道异物,分别占28.00%;幼儿期气道/消化道异物最常见,占40.65%,其次是食物/药物中毒(21.14%)及跌落/坠伤(17.89%);学龄前期跌落/坠伤最常见(46.15%);学龄期以跌落/坠伤(42.86%)和交通意外(25.00%)为主。202例意外伤害患儿中,烧烫伤、食物/药物中毒、一氧化碳中毒、动物咬伤、刀砍伤、被他人打伤好转治愈率均为100.00%,电击伤治疗无效率为100%。结论:预防是降低儿童意外伤害的关键,需要依据年龄、性别、意外伤害类型特点采取有效的预防措施,为儿童家长普及相关急救知识,同时,医院需要完善急救转运系统,加强意外伤害儿童的管理,重点保护患儿的器官功能,降低病死率。

Objective:To analyze the causes of accidental injuries of children in intensive care unit.Methods:Clinical data of two hundred and two children with accidental injuries admitted to the intensive care unit of Dongguan Children's Hospital from January 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed,and the causes of accidental injuries were analyzed.Results:Among male children,the most common type of accidental injury was fall/fall injury(29.66%),followed by airway/digestive tract foreign body(27.97%);Among female children,food/drug poisoning was the most common(22.62%),followed by foreign bodies in the airway/digestive tract(19.76%);In different age groups,the most common types of accidental injuries in infancy were fall/fall injury and airway/digestive tract foreign body,accounting for 28.00%respectively;Airway/digestive tract foreign bodies were the most common in infants(40.65%),followed by food/drug poisoning(21.14%)and falls/falls(17.89%);Fall/fall injuries were the most common in early school age(46.15%);Fall/fall injuries(42.86%)and traffic accidents(25.00%)were the most common at school age;Among 202 cases of children with accidental injury,the recovery rate of burn and scald,food/drug poisoning,carbon monoxide poisoning,animal bite,knife wound and injured by others was 100.00%;The therapeutic inefficiency of electric injury was 100%.Conclusion:Prevention is the key to reducing children's accidental injuries.Effective preventive measures should be taken according to age,gender and the characteristics of accidental injuries,and relevant first-aid knowledge should be popularized for children's parents.At the same time,hospitals should improve the first-aid transport system,strengthen the management of children with accidental injuries,focus on protecting their organ functions,and reduce the case fatality rate.