甲骨文超语符功能研究

The Trans-glossematic Function of Oracle Bone Inscriptions

甲骨文的超语符功能,是指在特定的语言环境中利用甲骨文自身构形特点表达对应语符之外的信息。其具体可以分为三种情况:一是通过改换或增添的构件表达超语符信息;二是利用介于文字与图画过渡状态的形体表达超语符信息;三是通过线条的增损、形体的刮削等手段变异正常字形表达超语符信息。甲骨文表达的超语符信息以语境信息为主,也能表达一些言外信息。甲骨文字词对应关系尚未稳定,因而可以通过临时改换构件或调整字形等方式表现特定信息。有些超语符现象主要集中存在于某一类组当中,应是受刻手用字习惯的影响。此外,特殊刻辞功用的影响和语法表达的限制,也是推动甲骨文超语符现象出现的重要原因。

The trans-glossematic function of oracle bone inscriptions refers to the usage of oracle bone’s own configuration properties to express information outside the corresponding language symbol in a specific language environment.It can be divided into three categories:changing or adding the component to express trans-glossematic information,utilizing transitional condition between the text and the picture to express trans-glossematic information,adding or reducing the lines and scraping the shapes to change the normal shape to express trans-glossematic information.The trans-glossematic information expressed by oracle bone inscriptions is mainly contextual information,but it can also express certain implicit information.The corresponding relationship between oracle characters and words is not stable,so it can express specific information by changing components or adjusting shape temporarily.The characters with the trans-glossematic function usually exist in a certain group,which should be affected by the writing habits of the engravers.In addition,the infl uence of the function of special inscriptions and the limitation of grammatical expression is also an important factor driving the emergence of trans-glossematic phenomena in oracle bone script.