安徽江淮官话片的鼻化韵及其历史由来

The Nasal Rhyme of Anhui Jianghuai Mandarin Film and Its Historical Origin

安徽省江淮官话片11个方言点中,纯粹的鼻化元音有9个,与4个介音i、u、y、v搭配后,又构成15个半鼻化的或不完全的鼻化音,共形成24个鼻化韵。各方言点鼻化韵的主元音和介音不同,构成了不同的鼻化韵数量与类型。各方言点的前后鼻音韵尾略有不同,鼻化韵与前后鼻音搭配的主元音也不同,以相互补充为主。以全椒方言为例,考察宕江曾梗咸山深臻这八摄从中古到现代的历时演变。研究发现,隋唐时期的入声韵尾-p/-t/-k到元代已经消失,变为统一的塞擦音韵尾-?;前鼻音韵尾-m/-n和后鼻音韵尾-?之间不断相互转化;直至现代全椒方言产生9个鼻化韵。

In 11 places of Jianghuai mandarin film in Anhui Province,there are 9 pure Nasal vowels.They matched 4 head vowels,and form 15 semi-nasalized or incomplete nasalized vowels.Thus,24 nasalization rhymes are formed.The main vowel and intertone of nasalized rhymes are different in different places,and the number and type of nasalized rhymes are also different.The end of the nasal consonant is slightly different,and the main vowel of the nasalization rhyme and the nasal consonant are also different,mainly complementing each other.Take Quanjiao dialect as an example to observe the diachronic evolution from the middle ages to the modern times of Dangjiang Zengzhen and Xianshan Shenzhen through the phonology of Guangyun(《广韵》)in the Sui and Tang Dynasties,Zhongyuan Yinyun(《中原音韵》)in the Yuan Dynasty,and the phonology of Wusheng Fanqie Zhengyun(《五声反切正韵》)in the Qing Dynasty.It was found that the ending of the entering tone-p/-t/-k in the Sui and Tang Dynasties had disappeared by the Yuan Dynasty,until the modern Quanjiao dialect changed into a unified affricative tail vowel-ʔ;From the Sui and Tang Dynasties to modern times,the alveolar nasal tail vowel-m/-n and the velar nasal tail vowel-ŋcontinuously transforming into each other;Until modern Quanjiao dialect produced 9 nasal rhymes.