近10年我国籼稻品种品质特征分析

Analysis of Rice Quality Characteristics of Indica Rice Varieties of China in Recent 10 Years

通过对南方稻区近10年籼稻品种品质分析,明确当前我国籼稻品种品质的现状特征,为今后籼稻优质育种和品质提升做支撑。分析南方稻区2011—2020年17个省(自治区、直辖市)共计2701份早籼、中籼和晚籼稻样品品质指标数据,按品种熟期和区域实验分组将早籼稻、中籼稻、晚籼稻划分8小类,以农业行业标准《食用稻品种品质》NY/T 593为评价依据,比较分析籼稻品种近10年优质达标率与稻米品质指标发展趋势。得出以下结论:(1)近10年我国籼稻品种品质呈稳定上升趋势,尤其2017年后晚籼稻品质提升最为显著。晚籼组中华南感光晚籼组与晚籼中迟熟组品质优于晚籼早熟组,中籼组中长江中下游中籼稻组品质优于长江上游中籼稻组,早籼组中华南早籼稻组品质较优且近年来稳定提升。(2)品质指标中垩白度、碱消值和直链淀粉含量达标率近10年表现稳定上升,胶稠度与糙米率近10年保持较高达标率,整精米率与透明度的一等达标率年度间变幅较大且无明显提升趋势。因此,品质指标中需加强籼稻整精米率与透明度年度间稳定性的研究。品种类型中,中籼稻品种品质提升是未来我国籼稻整体品质提升的重点方向。

Based on the analysis of rice quality characteristics of indica rice varieties from regional trials in recent 10 years,we hope to provide references for quality improvement of indica rice varieties in the next stage.We analyzed 2 701 samples of early season,medium season and late season indica rice samples in 17 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) from 2011 to 2020,and divided them into 8 groups according to maturity and regional trials group.Based on the agricultural industry standard “Cooking rice variety quality” NY/T 593,we analyzed the development trend of qualified rate and rice quality index of indica rice varieties in recent 10 years.The results showed that the quality of indica rice varieties in China presented a steady upward trend in recent 10 years,especially for late season indica rice,which improved the most significantly after 2017.The rice quality of mid-late ripe of late season indica rice and sensitive late season indica rice in south China was better than early ripe of late season indica rice;rice quality of medium season indica rice in the middle was better than that of medium season indica rice in the upper Yangtze River;the rice quality of early season indica rice in south China was better than that of other two early season indica rice varieties and has been improved steadily in recent years.Chalkiness degree,alkali spreading value and amylose content of quality indexes have been increasing steadily,gel consistency and brown rice rate keep high standard rate in recent 10 years,the variation of qualified rate in head rice rate and translucency above one level changed greatly from year to year,and there was no obvious trend of improvement.For rice quality index,in addition to keeping on reducing the amylose content and chalkiness degree of indica rice,it is also needed o strengthen the study on inter annual stability of head rice rate and transparency of indica rice.And the improvement of rice quality of medium season indica rice is the key direction for the improvement of indica rice quality in the future.