美国、日本和印度政府粮食储备管理体系与特征

The Food Reserve Management System and Characteristics of the Governments of the United States,Japan,and India

粮食储备是维护国家粮食安全的“蓄水池”“调节器”。依据粮食自给率的不同程度及人口密度等多种因素综合考量,选取美国、日本和印度三个国家作为案例,系统地梳理和比较分析了各国政府在粮食储备的储备体系、功能定位及协同机制等方面的管理经验和做法,总结了各国政府粮食储备管理特征,对于引导市场预期、稳定国内市场、以及增强储备应对重大风险挑战的能力和韧性具有重要意义,为进一步厘清我国各类政府粮食储备的逻辑关系,不断完善政府储备粮管理的协同机制等提供了可借鉴的优化思路。

Food reserves are the “reservoir” and "regulator" for maintaining national food security.Considering multiple factors comprehensively such as the different degrees of self-sufficiency in grain production and population density,this paper selects three countries,namely the United States,Japan,and India,as cases to systematically sort out and compare the management experience and practices of governments in the reserve system,functional positioning,and collaborative mechanism of grain reserves,and summarized the characteristics of government grain reserve management in various countries,which can guide market expectations,stabilize domestic markets.Therefore,it is of great significance to enhance the ability and resilience of reserves to respond to major risks and challenges.To further clarify the logical relationship between various types of government grain reserves in China,and continuously improve the collaborative mechanism of government grain reserve management,this provides valuable optimization ideas for reference.