马克思“社会--历史”本体论思想显现——基于《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的反思

The Emergence of Marx's“Social-historical”Ontological Thought——Reflections Based on the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts(1844)

在写作《1844年经济学哲学手稿》时期,马克思站在“感性活动”立场上,试图构建一种打破黑格尔形而上学哲学的意识内在性和费尔巴哈的感性直观的“社会——历史”本体论思想。通过剖析异化劳动和私有财产产生的现实根源,马克思提出的“人与人关系”概念蕴含着其思想成熟时期的社会关系内涵。在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中展现了马克思哲学中社会现实性和历史总体性两个相互交织、相互作用的维度,同时形成了资本批判的基本思路,即扬弃私有财产和实现共产主义,进而实现了哲学革命和资本批判二者的统一,显现了马克思“社会——历史”本体论的思想。

In the period of writing the“Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts(1844)”,Marx stood on the position of“sensible activity”and tried to construct an ontology of“social-historical”to break Hegel's intrinsic nature of consciousness of the metaphysical philosophy and Feuerbach's perceptual Intuition.The concept of“human relations”proposed by Marx contained the connotation of social relations in the mature period of his thought by analyzing the realistic causes of alienated labor and private property.There are two intertwined and interacting dimensions of Marx's philosophy,named“social reality”and“historical totality”,in the“Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts(1844)”.The sublimation of private property and the realization of communism constituted the basic ideas of the capital criticism,which realized the unity of the capital criticism and the philosophical revolution,revealed Marx's idea of“social-historical”ontology.