中小规模生猪养殖场(户)粪污资源化利用补贴标准优化研究——以湖南省沼气工程为例

Research on the optimization of subsidy standards for manure resource utilization in small and medium-scale pig farms(households)——Taking the biogas project in Hunan Province as an example

为了完善畜禽粪污资源化利用补贴政策、提高前期补贴资金使用绩效、促进畜禽粪污资源化利用长效运行,本研究以湖南省规模生猪养殖为例,根据庇古理论、停止营业点理论,从政府与养殖场(户)角度,探讨具有长效激励作用的沼气工程运行补贴标准。首先采用市场价值法、治理成本法估算沼气工程由粪污处理至副产品利用全过程的生态价值,并引入政府支付能力指数与区域社会发展系数对其进行修正,再结合典型中小规模生猪养殖沼气工程运行成本收益与养殖场(户)受偿意愿,确定中小规模生猪养殖场(户)沼气工程运行补贴理论值。结果表明:若湖南省规模生猪养殖场(户)均采用沼气工程处理粪污,每年可带来生态价值840387.54万元。基于湖南省政府支付能力与社会发展水平,生猪养殖沼气工程运行补贴上限可设为139.56元/(头·年)。考虑沼气工程运行成本收益与养殖场(户)受偿意愿,中小规模生猪养殖沼气工程运行补贴下限分别为4.58元/(头·年)、6.06元/(头·年)。说明确定资源化利用补贴额度,既要兼顾资源化利用生态价值,又要考虑政府财力和受偿者意愿;同时,应合理分配补贴资金,提升对资源化利用项目运行阶段的支持力度,注重政策的系统性,增强政策诱导效果,提高政府资金使用效益。

In order to improve the subsidy policy for livestock and poultry manure resource utilization,improve the performance of the use of early subsidy funds,and promote the long-term operation of livestock and poultry manure resource utilization,in this study,according to the Pigou theory and the business cessation theory,the operation subsidy standards of biogas project with long-term incentive effect were discussed from the perspective of the government and the farms(households)by taking scale pig breeding in Hunan Province as an example.Firstly,the market value method and the treatment cost method were used to estimate the ecological value of the whole process of biogas project from manure treatment to by-product utilization,and the government payment capacity index and regional social development coefficient were introduced to revise it.Then,combined with the operation cost benefit of typical small and medium-scale pig breeding biogas projects and the willingness of farms(households)to be compensated,the theoretical value of the operation subsidy of biogas project of small and medium-scale farms(households)was determined.The results showed that if the scale pig farms(households)in Hunan Province used the biogas project to treat manure,it could bring 840387.54 million Yuan of ecological value per year.Based on the payment capacity and social development level of the Hunan provincial government,the upper limit of the operation subsidy for pig breeding biogas project could be set at 139.56 yuan/(head:year).Considering the operational cost and benefit of biogas project and the willingness of farms(households)to be compensated,the lower limits of the operation subsidy for small and medium-scale pig breeding biogas project were 4.58 Yuan/(head·year)and 6.06 Yuan/(head-year),The study suggested that the determination of the amount of subsidy for resource utilization should not only take into account the ecological value of resource utilization,but also consider the government's financial resources and the willingness of the compensated;at the same time,subsidy funds should be reasonably allocated;support for the operation stage of resource utilization projects should be improved;policies should be systematic;policy inducements should be enhanced,and the efficiency of government funds should be improved.