瑞典生物质资源转化利用政策行动路径演进及启示

Evolution of the policies and actions implemented in Sweden to convert and utilize biomass resources,and ideas that can be implemented in China

生物质是地球上最丰富的可再生资源。科学高效地推动生物质资源转化利用,既是破解资源短缺、落实双碳目标的基本抓手,也是发展循环经济、提升可持续生产与消费的核心动力。瑞典作为全球第一批实现碳达峰的国家,早在20世纪70年代就启动了生物质资源转化利用进程,政策行动路径不断演进完善,逐步形成了以生物质供热为基础、生物质发电为补充、生物质交通运输为未来发展方向的能源化模式。基于当前我国推动生物质资源转化利用的需求,本文系统梳理了瑞典生物质资源转化利用发展脉络、主要政策行动和关键成果,挖掘了生物质资源转化利用管理和模式的典型经验,并结合我国生物质资源的禀赋条件、利用需求和转化利用问题,从顶层设计、管理体系、转化利用模式和核心技术四个方面剖析了启示性建议对策,以供我国借鉴。

Biomass is the most abundant renewable resource on earth.Promoting conversion and utilization of biomass resources in a scientific and efficient way is the basic starting point for solving resource shortages and implementing carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals,and the core driving force for developing a circular economy and promoting sustainable production and consumption.Sweden,as one of the countries in the world to achieve a carbon production peak,started the process of biomass resources conversion and utilization as early as the 1970s.Their policy-and-action path has continued to evolve and improve,gradually forming an energy paradigm reliant on biomass based heating,supplemented by biomass based power generation,with biomass powered transportation as a direction for future development.Due to the current impetus promoting biomass resources conversion and utilization in China,this paper systematically discusses the development context,main policies and actions,and key achievements in biomass resources conversion and utilization in Sweden,and analyzes typical experiences with management and mode of biomass resources conversion and utilization.Combined with the endowment conditions,demand,and problems facing biomass resources conversion and utilization in China,this paper analyzes potentially viable suggestions from the aspects of top-level design,management systems,conversion and utilization modes,and core technologies,to provide a reference for China′s path to biomass resources conversion and utilization.