13份无芒雀麦种质资源生产性能的综合评价及筛选

Comprehensive Evaluation and Screening on the Productive Performance of 13 Bromus inermis Leyss.Germplasm Resources

为选育适宜青藏高原地区种植的高产稳产无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis-Leyss.)种质资源,缓解青藏高原地区草畜供需矛盾突出问题,促进高寒区生态环境治理,本研究以饲草高产为前提,利用隶属函数分析法,对国内外13份无芒雀麦种质资源主要农艺性状进行两年生产性能评价,并将筛选后优异资源进行草层结构、物质分配、营养品质分析,以探究其优异共性。结果表明:13份无芒雀麦种质资源中,B01,B09,B12,B13干草产量及综合性状表现最佳,可作为培育高产稳产牧草种质资源的优良牧草;其中B01,B09株型较矮,适宜天然草场补播利用,B12营养品质好,可以用来提高无芒雀麦适口性,B13两年累计产量最高、叶量最大,适宜作为追求产草量的优良牧草利用,且在日后栽培育种中,应重点关注无芒雀表株高、分蘖能力及根部特性,从而提高干草产量。本研究为青藏高原地区高产稳产无芒雀麦种质资源亲本选育提供理论参考。

In order to select and breed high and stable yields of Bromus inermis Leyss.germplasm resources suitable for cultivation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,to alleviate the problem of outstanding contradiction between supply and demand of grass and livestock in the Plateau,and to promote ecological environment management in the alpine region,in this study,13 domestic and foreign Bromus inermis Leyss.germplasm resources were evaluated on their main agronomic traits for production performance for two years using affiliation function analysis on the premise of high forage yield;and then the selected superior resources were analysed on grass layer structure,material distribution and nutritional quality to explore their superior commonalities.The results showed that among the 13 Bromus inermis-Leyss.germplasm resources,B01,B09,B12 and B13 had the best performance in terms of hay yield and overall traits,and could be used as excellent herbage materials for cultivating high yielding and stable forage germplasm resources;among these,B01 and B09 are shorter grasses suitable for replanting in natural grassland;B12 has good nutritional quality and could be used to improve the palatability of Bromus inermis-Leyss;B13 has the highest cumulative yield of two years and the highest percentage of leaves,making it suitable to be used as excellent grass in pursuit of grass production.In future cultivation and breeding,the focus should be paid on Bromus inermis-Leyss.plant height,tillering capacity and root characteristics of the germplasm to improving its hay yield.This study provided a theoretical reference for the parental selection about high and stable yields Bromus inermis-Leyss germplasm resources in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region.