异质性环境规制对中国纺织服装业碳排放的影响

Impact of heterogeneous environmental regulations on carbon emissions with China′s textile and garment industry

为精准发挥不同类型环境规制对中国纺织服装业的碳减排效用,利用计量模型实证研究命令控制型、市场激励型和公众参与型环境规制对2005—2020年中国纺织服装业碳排放总量和强度的影响,并分析其地区异质性。结果表明:整体上,命令控制型对中国纺织服装业碳排放强度的影响呈倒U型,市场激励型对碳排放强度在一定范围内呈倒逼减排效应,公众参与型对碳排放总量呈绿色悖论效应;从地区看,命令控制型对东部碳排放的影响呈U型,对西部和东北碳排放强度的影响分别呈倒逼减排效应和绿色悖论效应;市场激励型在一定范围内能降低东部碳排放强度,对中部与东北碳排放的影响呈倒逼减排效应;公众参与型对东部碳排放总量与强度的影响分别呈倒逼减排效应和绿色悖论效应。

Objective China textile and garment industry(CTGI)sets a green development goal that the amount of carbon emissions per unit of CTGI′s value-added should decrease by 18%during the period of the"14th Five-Year Plan".environmental regulations(ER)is an important tool to curb carbon emissions,which include three heterogeneous regulations,i.e.command-based environmental regulation(CER),market-based environmental regulation(MER)and public-based environmental regulation(PER).Studying the relationship between the three different types of ERs and carbon emissions of CTGI is of great practical value for CTGI to achieve the green development goal.Method The threshold model was used to study the impact of CER,MER and PER on the total carbon emissions and carbon emission intensity of CTGI during 2005—2020.If the threshold test effect was significant,it meant that this type of ER would have a nonlinear relationship with CTGI′s total carbon emissions or carbon emission intensity.If not,it is indicated a linear relationship.Then the panel model was used to further investigate whether the impact mechanism was increasing effect or reducing effect.The two models were also used to study the impact mechanism in each region of China.Results At the national level,the impact of CER on the carbon emission intensity of CTGI presents a single threshold effect.The impact coefficient is positive when CER is less than the threshold and negative when greater than the threshold,respectively.Both of them are significant.This means that the impact mechanism is in an inverted U-shape.Formal government environmental regulation can significantly decrease CTGI′s carbon emission intensity after CER exceeds the threshold.The impact of MER on carbon emission intensity shows a double-threshold effect and the impact coefficients are significantly negative and positive,respectively when MER is less and greater than the second threshold.This indicates that the use of MER tools within this range can effectively reduce CTGI′s carbon emission intensity.PER shows the increasing effect(namely the green paradox effect)on CTGI′s total carbon emissions.At regional level,both of the impacts of CER on the total carbon emissions and carbon emission intensity of eastern textile&garment industry present the single threshold effect.The impact coefficients are all significantly negative and positive,respectively when CER is less and greater than the threshold.This means that after CER exceeds the threshold,its impacts change from the forced emission reduction effect to the green paradox effect.Its impacts on western and northeastern carbon emission intensity are dominated by forced emission reduction effect and the green paradox effect,respectively.MER can effectively reduce eastern carbon emission intensity within certain range.It also shows the forced emission reduction effect on central total carbon emissions,carbon emission intensity and northeastern carbon emission intensity.A significant double-threshold effect is observed between PER and eastern total carbon emissions.The impact coefficients are positive,positive and negative,respectively which means that after PER exceeds the second threshold,it shows the forced emission reduction effect on eastern total carbon emissions.While PER has the green paradox effect on eastern carbon Conclusion Based on the above research results,the following policy recommendations can be put forward.At national level,China should continue to strengthen the formal government environmental regulation,appropriately develop MER tools and use these tools in a certain range.At regional level,the intensity of CER in the eastern region should be kept in an appropriate range and the use of MER tools should be further strengthened.The intensity of CER in the central,western and northeastern regions can be increased to a higher level and their MER system should be continuously improved.The public supervision on carbon emissions of textile&garment industry is necessary to be enhanced in these regions.Through the comprehensive use of a variety of environmental regulation tools,the carbon emissions of textile&garment industry in China and all the regions can be reduced and the green development goal can be achieved at last.