氮肥运筹对盐粳系列水稻品种(系)抗瘟性评价及稻瘟病对稻米品质的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Application on Blast Resistance and Rice Blast on Rice Quality of Yangeng series Rice Varieties(Lines)

为探究氮肥减施对盐粳系列水稻品种(系)稻瘟病控害效果及稻瘟病对稻米品质影响,以25个新选育的盐粳系列水稻品种(系)和盐丰47为试验材料进行田间试验。所有品种氮肥用量在正常施氮(180 kg·hm^(-2))和减氮20%(144 kg·hm^(-2))两个水平上,分别调查水稻穗颈瘟的发生情况;收集盐丰47品种在两个氮水平下均未发病的穗以及在正常施氮水平上病指不低于5级的病穗进行稻米品质测定。试验结果表明:氮肥减施20%能够降低稻瘟病的发生,且对水稻产量影响不显著,稻米的加工品质、外观品质和营养品质均无显著差异;稻瘟病的发生能够降低稻米的糙米率、精米率、整精米率等加工品质,并增高了稻米的蛋白质含量、直链淀粉含量、脂肪酸含量,降低了稻米的食味值。由此可见,稻瘟病能够影响稻米品质,而减氮20%能够降低稻瘟病的发生,进而提升稻米品质,且对水稻产量影响不显著。

In order to explore the effect of nitrogen fertilizer reduction on rice blast control of Yangeng series rice varieties(lines)and the effect of rice blast on rice quality.25 newly bred rice varieties(lines)of Yangeng series and Yanfeng-47 were used for field tests.All varieties were transplanted at two levels of normal nitrogen application(180 kg/hm^(2))and 20%nitrogen reduction(144 kg/hm^(2))respectively to investigate the occurrence of rice panicle neck blast;The rice quality of Yanfeng-47 was determined by collecting the diseased panicles of Yanfeng-47,which were not diseased under two nitrogen levels,and the diseased panicles whose disease index no less than grade 5 at the normal nitrogen application level.The results showed that 20%reduction of nitrogen fertilizer application could reduce the occurrence of rice blast,and there was no significant difference in rice yield,processing quality,appearance quality and nutritional quality;The occurrence of rice blast can reduce the processing and appearance quality of rice such as brown rice rate,milled rice rate and head rice rate,as well as the nutritional quality such as protein content,amylose content,fatty acid content and taste value of rice.It can be seen that rice blast can affect rice quality,and 20%nitrogen reduction can reduce the occurrence of rice blast,thus improving rice quality without affecting rice yield.