沈阳市某医学院校大学生健康素养现状及影响因素分析

Research on health literacy of college students in a medical college in Shenyang and its influencing factors

目的:了解沈阳市某医学院校大学生的健康素养现状,分析影响健康素养的因素,为制定健康教育政策提供依据。方法:2022年2月至5月,采用随机抽样调查的方法,在沈阳市某医学院校在校大学生中随机抽取939名学生,进行健康素养问卷调查。采用Pearson相关性分析探讨健康素养与领悟社会支持和自我效能的相关性,采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析影响健康素养的因素。结果:大学生总体健康素养具备率为18.3%。大学生的健康素养与领悟社会支持、自我效能呈正相关(r分别为0.549、0.673,P<0.01)。健康素养的3个方面即行为及健康技能、健康生活方式和行为、基本知识和理念的具备率依次为26.4%、21.3%和17.5%。在6类健康问题中,安全与急救、科学健康观、传染病防治、健康信息素养、基本医疗和慢性病防治的具备率依次为33.8%、31.3%、26.0%、21.9%、15.2%和7.2%。性别、年级、专业、领悟社会支持水平和自我效能是大学生健康素养具备率的影响因素。结论:沈阳市某医学院校大学生健康素养水平偏低,需进一步提高。学校应通过多种方式积极开展健康促进和健康教育工作,提高大学生健康素养水平。

Objective:To investigate the status of health literacy of college students in a medical college in Shenyang and analyze its influencing factors,in order to provide a basis for the formulation of health education policy.Methods:From Feb to May 2022,939 college students in a medical college in Shenyang were enrolled by random sampling method,a questionnaire survey on health literacy was conducted.Pearson analysis was used to analyze the correlation of health literacy with perceived social support and self-efficacy.Multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of health literacy.Results:The overall health literacy rate of college students was 18.3%.College students'health literacy was positively correlated with perceived social support and self-efficacy(r was 0.549 and 0.675,P<0.01).The possession rates of the three aspects were health skills(26.4%),healthy lifestyle and behavior(21.3%),basic knowledge and concepts(17.5%).The availability rates of six health problems were safety and first aid(33.8%),scientific health concept(31.3%),infectious disease prevention(26.0%),health information literacy(21.9%),basic medical care(15.2%)and chronic disease prevention(7.2%).Gender,grade,major,perceived social support level and self-efficacy were the influencing factors of college students'health literacy.Conclusions:The health literacy level of college students in a medical college in Shenyang is low,which needs to be further improved.Colleges should actively carry out health promotion and health education in various ways to improve the health literacy level of college students.