突发公共卫生事件下深圳市某区基层防控人员心理伤害情况及影响因素研究

Psychological Harm Status and Relevant Factors among the Staff in Grass-roots Epidemic Prevention and Control in Shenzhen during the COVID-19 Epidemic Period

目的 分析COVID-19疫情期间深圳市某区基层疫情防控工作人员心理健康状况,了解疫情对工作人员心理健康伤害情况及其影响因素。为保障疫情防控工作人员心理健康,采取针对性心理疏导措施提供科学依据。方法2022年4月采用便利抽样方法对深圳市某区疫情防控工作人员进行问卷调查,调查内容包括一般资料、失眠严重程度指数量表(insomnia severity index,ISI)、广泛性焦虑量表(generalized anxiety disorder,GAD-7)和健康问卷抑郁症状群量表(patient health questionnaire,PHQ-9),采用结构方程模型(structural equation model,SEM)分析睡眠质量、工作强度对心理健康状况的影响。结果基层疫情防控人员焦虑、抑郁情绪检出率分别为74.80%、80.08%,失眠问题检出率为80.49%;每日工作时间、岗位类型、闭环工作天数在失眠问题、焦虑和抑郁情绪检出率之间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),每日工作时间>12 h,社区岗位人员,封闭工作天数>60天的疫情防控工作人员更易存在失眠问题、焦虑和抑郁情绪;失眠问题与心理健康状况之间存在较强的正向关联,失眠问题程度越高,焦虑、抑郁情绪越严重(β=0.582,P<0.001);工作强度对心理健康状况有直接和间接的正向影响作用(β=0.490,P<0.001),且与失眠之间存在正向关联(β=0.417,P<0.001)。结论COVID-19疫情期间,基层疫情防控人员出现心理伤害,表现为不同程度的抑郁、焦虑和失眠,每日工作时间越长、封闭工作天数越多,焦虑、抑郁严重程度越高,失眠问题越严重。应采取相应的心理干预措施,及时给与人文关怀,提升心理健康水平。

Objective To Investigate psychological harm status and relevant factors among the staff in grass-roots epidemic prevention and control,and to provide evidence for establishing grass-roots epidemic prevention and control of mental health service policy.Methods A convenient sampling method with a questionnaire survey was conducted in April 2022 to evaluate mental health scale among staff in grass-roots epidemic prevention and control of one District.The evaluation included insomnia severity index(ISI),generalized anxiety scale(GAD-7)and health questionnaire depression symptom cluster scale(PHQ-9).Structural equation modeling(SEM)was used to explore associations between sleep disturbance,work intensity and mental health status.Results During the COVID-19 epidemic period,the scales for anxiety,depression and insomnia prevalence among the staff were 74.80%,80.08%and 80.49%.The differences in the detection rates were statistically significant(P<0.05)in the daily working hours,the types of jobs and closed working days.If the daily working time for the staff in grass-roots epidemic prevention and control was>12 h,and the closed working days for the community post personnel was>60 days,they were most likely to have insomnia,anxiety and depression.There was a strong positive correlation among insomnia,anxiety,and depression status.The higher the degree of insomnia,the more serious the anxiety and depression became(β=0.582,P<0.001).Work intensity had direct and indirect positive effects on mental health(β=0.490,P<0.001),and was positively correlated with insomnia(β=0.417,P<0.001).Conclusions During the period of COVID-19,there was psychological harm to the staff in grass-roots Epidemic Prevention and Control in Shenzhen.The main harms were anxiety,depression and insomnia.There were strong positive correlations among long daily working hours,closed working days and the status of insomnia,anxiety and depression.Corresponding intervention measures should be offered to the staff in grass-roots Epidemic Prevention and Control.