铁死亡与神经系统疾病

Ferroptosis and nervous system disease

铁死亡是近年来发现的一种新型的调节性细胞死亡方式,其特征为铁依赖型的致死性脂质活性氧积聚,形态学上表现为线粒体皱缩和线粒体嵴的消失。铁死亡涉及诸多生物学功能,包括铁代谢、脂质代谢、氧化应激、谷氨酸/胱氨酸转运及谷胱甘肽的生物合成等。目前对铁死亡的研究主要集中在癌症领域,但越来越多的证据表明铁死亡与神经系统疾病的发生有关。在脑卒中、创伤性脑损伤及神经退行性疾病(如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和亨廷顿病)中均发现铁死亡参与。长期以来,神经系统相关疾病一直是一个全球性的健康问题,直到现在仍然缺乏有效的治疗方法,而对铁死亡进行干预将为解决这一问题提供新思路。

Ferroptosis is a new type of regulated cell death found in recent years,which is characterized by iron-dependent lethal accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species(ROS),and morphologically manifested as mitochondrial shrinkage and the disappearance of mitochondrial cristae.Ferroptosis involves many biological functions,including iron metabolism,lipid metabolism,oxidative stress,glutamate/cystine transport and glutathione biosynthesis.At present,the research on ferroptosis is mainly concentrated in the field of cancer,but more and more shreds of evidence show that ferroptosis is related to the occurrence of nervous system disease.Ferroptosis can be found to be involved in stroke,traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases(such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease).For a long time,nervous system-related diseases have been the global concern,with a lack of effective treatment methods until now.Luckily,the intervention of ferroptosis will provide new ideas to solve this problem.